Writing blog with my heart

一名即将毕业的学生表达了对于未来的迷茫和对日常生活的厌倦,包括对于写代码、做毕业设计等活动缺乏兴趣。

       已很多天了, 心里一直都不知道想什么了,也懒于写代码了,昨天玩游戏到了午夜一点,今天12点才起床:我真的不想玩,但我又没有别的事情也足够的兴趣,聊QQ?写程序?做毕业设计?看花边新闻?太没有新意了,天天都是这样,像是一个马上要毕业的学生吗?浮躁吗?我?在上海我也不愿意出去走的--大街上,我听不懂他们讲话,上海话比广东话都难懂,他们让一个外来人难以接近。。。。。

        开始写Blog吧,开始吧,哎!我真是无聊

The World Wide Web has been credited with bringing the Internet to the masses. The Internet was previously the stomping ground of academics and a small, elite group of computer professionals, mostly UNIX programmers and other oddball types, running obscure commands like ftp and finger, archie and telnet, and so on. With the arrival of graphical browsers for the Web, the Internet suddenly exploded. Anyone could find things on the Web. You didn't need to be "in the know" anymore--you just needed to be properly networked. Equipped with Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer or any other browser, everyone can now explore the Internet freely. But graphical browsers can be limiting. The very interactivity that makes them the ideal interface for the Internet also makes them cumbersome when you want to automate a task. It's analogous to editing a document by hand when you'd like to write a script to do the work for you. Graphical browsers require you to navigate the Web manually. In an effort to diminish the amount of tedious pointing-and-clicking you do with your browser, this book shows you how to liberate yourself from the confines of your browser. Web Client Programming with Perl is a behind-the-scenes look at how your web browser interacts with web servers. Readers of this book will learn how the Web works and how to write software that is more flexible, dynamic, and powerful than the typical web browser. The goal here is not to rewrite the browser, but to give you the ability to retrieve, manipulate, and redistribute web-based information in an automated fashion. Who This Book Is For I like to think that this book is for everyone. But since that's a bit of an exaggeration, let's try to identify who might really enjoy this book. This book is for software developers who want to expand into a new market niche. It provides proof-of-concept examples and a compilation of web-related technical data. This book is for web administrators who maintain large amounts of data. Administrators can replace manual maintenance tasks with web robots to detect and correct problems with web sites. Robots perform tasks more accurately and quickly than human hands. But to be honest, the audience that's closest to my heart is that of computer enthusiasts, tinkerers, and motivated students, who can use this book to satisfy their curiosity about how the Web works and how to make it work for them. My editor often talks about when she first learned UNIX scripting and how it opened a world of automation for her. When you learn how to write scripts, you realize that there's very little that you can't do within that universe. With this book, you can extend that confidence to the Web. If this book is successful, then for almost any web-related task you'll find yourself thinking, "Hey, I could write a script to do that!" Unfortunately, we can't teach you everything. There are a few things that we assume that you are already familiar with: G The concept of client/server network applications and TCP/IP. G How the Internet works, and how to access it. G The Perl language. Perl was chosen as the language for examples in this book due to its ability to hide complexity. Instead of dealing with C's data structures and low-level system calls, Perl introduces higher-level functions and a straightforward way of defining and using data. If you aren't already familiar with Perl, I recommend Learning Perl by Randal Schwartz, and Programming Perl (popularly known as "The Camel Book") by Larry Wall, Tom Christiansen, and Randal Schwartz. Both of these books are published by O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. There are other fine Perl books as well. Check out http://www.perl.com for the latest book critiques. Is This Book for You? Some of you already know why you picked up this book. But others may just have a nagging feeling that it's something useful to know, though you may not be entirely sure why. At the risk of seeming self-serving, let me suggest some ways in which this book may be helpful: G Some people just like to know how things tick. If you like to think the Web is magic, fine--but there are many who don't like to get into a car without knowing what's under the hood. For those of you who desire a better technical understanding of the Web, this book demystifies the web protocol and the browser/server interaction. G Some people hate to waste even a minute of time. Given the choice between repeating an action over and over for an hour, or writing a script to automate it, these people will choose the script every time. Call it productivity or just stubbornness--the effect is the same. Through web automation, much time can be saved. Repetitive tasks, like tracking packages or stock prices, can be relegated to a web robot, leaving the user free to perform more fruitful activities (like eating lunch). G If you understand your current web environment, you are more likely to recognize areas that can be improved. Instead of waiting for solutions to show up in the marketplace, you can take an active role in shaping the future direction of your own web technology. You can develop your own specialized solutions to fit specific problems. G In today's frenzied high-tech world, knowledge isn't just power, it's money. A reasonable understanding of HTTP looks nice on the resume when you're competing for software contracts, consulting work, and jobs.
### 数据写入Excel时的常见问题与解决方法 在使用RPA处理具有复合表头(MultiIndex)的数据时,将数据写入Excel可能会遇到格式错误、层级结构丢失或列名冲突等问题。以下是常见问题及其解决方案: #### 1. 复合表头结构在写入Excel时被扁平化 在使用Pandas的`to_excel`方法写入Excel文件时,复合表头(MultiIndex)可能会被自动转换为单层字符串,导致列名合并为元组形式(例如`('Sales', 'Region')`),影响数据可读性。 **解决方案**: 在写入Excel之前,可以将复合列名转换为扁平化格式,例如使用`map`方法将多层索引转换为字符串拼接形式。 ```python # 将复合列名转换为拼接字符串 df.columns = df.columns.map('_'.join) # 写入Excel df.to_excel('output.xlsx', index=False) ``` 此方法可以避免列名显示为元组的问题,同时保持数据结构清晰[^2]。 #### 2. 写入Excel时报错“ValueError: DataFrame columns are not unique” 如果复合表头中存在重复的列名组合,例如多个子列名相同但属于不同主列名,会导致写入失败。 **解决方案**: 在写入之前,检查并确保复合列名的唯一性。可以使用`duplicated()`方法检测重复列名。 ```python # 检查是否存在重复列名 if df.columns.duplicated().any(): # 重命名重复列 df.columns = df.columns.map(lambda x: '_'.join(x) if isinstance(x, tuple) else x) ``` 该方法通过拼接主列与子列名的方式确保列名唯一性,从而避免写入错误[^2]。 #### 3. Excel写入后表头层级错乱 在写入具有多层表头的数据时,某些Excel库(如`openpyxl`)可能无法正确识别层级结构,导致表头显示错误。 **解决方案**: 使用`pandas.ExcelWriter`并指定引擎为`openpyxl`,确保写入多层表头时保留结构。 ```python with pd.ExcelWriter('output.xlsx', engine='openpyxl') as writer: df.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Sheet1') ``` 该方法利用`openpyxl`引擎支持多层索引的写入,确保复合表头在Excel中正确显示[^2]。 #### 4. RPA工具中Excel操作兼容性问题 在RPA流程中,部分工具可能无法直接处理复合表头的写入操作,导致Excel文件损坏或数据丢失。 **解决方案**: 可以在RPA流程中调用Python脚本处理数据,确保写入逻辑正确后再通过Excel自动化操作完成最终输出。例如在UiPath中使用Python脚本活动调用上述代码,确保数据结构完整性。 ###
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