Linux下locale问题汇总

博文背景

有时候，ssh登录后会出现下面这个样子的问题

-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (C.UTF-8)
/bin/sh: warning: setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (C.UTF-8)

有时候使用一些软件如apt，perl等会出现locale报错命令行查看locale会出现下面这个样子的问题

root@tlinux:~ # locale
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
LANG=C.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="C.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="C.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="C.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="C.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="C.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="C.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="C.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="C.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="C.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="C.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="C.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="C.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=C.UTF-8

解决办法

这些问题的原因都是因为字符集被设置为了C.UTF-8但是本地却没有C.UTF-8的字符集文件，那么就有两个解决思路，方法一是换个字符集，方法二是安装字符集。

对于ssh来说，换个字符集，可以登录上去再换，登录上去再换的方法有：

1.直接编辑文件

root@tlinux:~ # cat /etc/default/locale
LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
root@tlinux:~ # source /etc/default/locale
root@tlinux:~ # locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8

2.使用localectl命令进行操作

ubuntu@shenzhen:~ $ locale
LANG=C.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE="C.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="C.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="C.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="C.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="C.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="C.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="C.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="C.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="C.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="C.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="C.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="C.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=
ubuntu@shenzhen:~ $ localectl set-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8
==== AUTHENTICATING FOR org.freedesktop.locale1.set-locale ===
Authentication is required to set the system locale.
Authenticating as: ,,, (ubuntu)
Password:
==== AUTHENTICATION COMPLETE ===
ubuntu@shenzhen:~ $ source /etc/default/locale
ubuntu@shenzhen:~ $ locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=

对于ssh来说，也可以在登录的时候进行更换，登录时进行更换的方法是：

alias ssh='LC_ALL="en_US.UTF-8" ssh'

在.bashrc后面添加一行该别名配置即可在登录时指定客户端locale配置。

当然也可以在ssh客户端中配置SendEnv LANG LC_*或在服务端配置AcceptEnv LANG LC_*具体我没有测试成功。

对于安装字符集来说，有些机器好像就没有C.UTF-8的字符集，这个可以通过locale -a | grep -i c.utf来查看，具体怎么装这个C.UTF-8我也不是很清楚，不过我有装一些其他字符集的方法：

在Debian下有（ubuntu下没有）中文简体字符集task-chinese-s可以通过apt命令来进行安装操作。在Debian下和Ubuntu下都有一些常规字符集locales-all可以通过apt命令来进行安装操作。在Centos8下有glibc-common langpacks-en glibc-all-langpacks glibc-langpack-en langpacks-zh_CN都可以使用dnf来安装尝试一下。

包安装完了过后，就和上面ssh登录后更换字符集一样可以尝试进行字符集的更换。再赘述一遍：

ubuntu@shenzhen:~ $ locale
LANG=C.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE="C.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="C.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="C.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="C.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="C.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="C.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="C.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="C.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="C.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="C.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="C.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="C.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=
ubuntu@shenzhen:~ $ localectl set-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8
==== AUTHENTICATING FOR org.freedesktop.locale1.set-locale ===
Authentication is required to set the system locale.
Authenticating as: ,,, (ubuntu)
Password:
==== AUTHENTICATION COMPLETE ===
ubuntu@shenzhen:~ $ source /etc/default/locale
ubuntu@shenzhen:~ $ locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=

还有一些其他的解决办法，比如：

sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

最后，祝君好运 ！！！