redis命令 - APPEND

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-11 08:55:10 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2025-06-11 08:55:10 发布 · 467 阅读

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本文介绍了 Redis 中 APPEND 命令的使用方法及其时间复杂度。APPEND 命令可以将指定值追加到已存在的字符串后面，并在键不存在时创建并追加。文章还探讨了 APPEND 在时间序列数据存储的应用方式。

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APPEND key value

加入版本 2.0.0。

时间复杂度： O(1). The amortized time complexity is O(1) 因为redis用的动态字符串的库在每次分配空间的时候会增加一倍的可用空闲空间，所以在添加的value较小而且已经存在的 value是任意大小的情况下，均摊时间复杂度是O(1) 。

如果 key 已经存在，并且值为字符串，那么这个命令会把 value 追加到原来值（value）的结尾。如果 key 不存在，那么它将首先创建一个空字符串的key，再执行追加操作，这种情况 APPEND 将类似于 SET 操作。

返回值

整数回复（Integer reply）：返回append后字符串值（value）的长度。

例子

redis> EXISTS mykey

(integer) 0

redis> APPEND mykey "Hello"

(integer) 5

redis> APPEND mykey " World"

(integer) 11

redis> GET mykey

"Hello World"

Pattern: Time series

The APPEND command can be used to create a very compact representation of a list of fixed-size samples, usually referred as time series. Every time a new sample arrives we can store it using the command

APPEND timeseries "fixed-size sample"

Accessing individual elements in the time series is not hard:

STRLEN can be used in order to obtain the number of samples.
GETRANGE allows for random access of elements. If our time series have associated time information we can easily implement a binary search to get range combining GETRANGE with the Lua scripting engine available in Redis 2.6.
SETRANGE can be used to overwrite an existing time series.

The limitation of this pattern is that we are forced into an append-only mode of operation, there is no way to cut the time series to a given size easily because Redis currently lacks a command able to trim string objects. However the space efficiency of time series stored in this way is remarkable.

Hint: it is possible to switch to a different key based on the current Unix time, in this way it is possible to have just a relatively small amount of samples per key, to avoid dealing with very big keys, and to make this pattern more friendly to be distributed across many Redis instances.

An example sampling the temperature of a sensor using fixed-size strings (using a binary format is better in real implementations).

redis> APPEND ts "0043"