Nginx部署的那些事情

一、Nginx的安装版本分为：

Mainline version(主要开发版本，其实就是还处于开发版)
Stable version(当前最新稳定版) 
Legacy versions(旧的稳定版)

nginx官网下载地址：https://nginx.org/en/download.html

二、nignx安装（推荐源码安装）

1、yum安装

1）配置下载源：

[root@s1 ~]# yum install epel-release -y # 下载epel依赖源
[root@s1 ~]# yum install -y nginx        # 下载nginx
[root@s1 ~]# rpm -ql nginx               # 查看nginx的配置文件有哪些
[root@s1 ~]# which nginx                 # 查看nginx程序的路径
/usr/sbin/nginx

2）检查安装与查看帮助

# 查看nginx安装包信息 
[root@s1 ~]# rpm -qi nginx
# 使⽤安装完成的⼆进制⽂件nginx 
[root@s1 ~]# nginx -h

3）验证nginx配置是否正常，查看版本

[root@s1 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok 
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful 
[root@s1 ~]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.16.1

4）启动脚本

[root@s1 ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service 
[Service]
PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/sbin/nginx -s reload

5）配置Nginx：
默认配置⽂件：/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，，默认配置如下：

[root@s1 ~]# grep -v "#" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf | grep -v "^$" 
user nginx; 
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; 
pid /run/nginx.pid; 
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; 
http {
	include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
	server {
	       listen 80 default_server;
	       listen [::]:80 default_server;
	       server_name _; 
	       root /usr/share/nginx/html;
	       include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; 
	       location / { 
	       } 
	       error_page 404 /404.html; 
	       location = /40x.html {
	       }
	       error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; 
		   location = /50x.html {
        } 
    }
}

6）启动Nginx：

[root@s1 ~]# systemctl start nginx   # 启动服务
[root@s1 ~]# systemctl status nginx  # 查看启动状态是否成功

查看nginx进程：

[root@VM-4-16-centos ~]# ps -aux | grep nginx
root     21665  0.0  0.0  39308   940 ?        Ss   10:51   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
nginx    21666  0.0  0.1  41780  1940 ?        S    10:51   0:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    21667  0.0  0.1  41780  1940 ?        S    10:51   0:00 nginx: worker process
root     22154  0.0  0.0 112812   976 pts/0    S+   10:52   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

7）访问nginx

2、源码安装

1）准备编译安装的环境

[root@s2 ~]# yum install -y vim lrzsz tree screen psmisc lsof tcpdump wget ntpdate gcc gcc-c++ \
glibc glibc-devel pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel systemd-devel nettools iotop bc zip unzip \
zlib-devel bash-completion nfs-utils automake libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel perl perl-ExtUtils-Embed

2. 准备源码包并解压安装
   安装Nginx：
   官⽅源码包下载地址： https://nginx.org/en/download.html

[root@s2 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/   # 安装路径
[root@s2 src]# wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz 
[root@s2 src]# tar xf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz 
[root@s2 src]# cd nginx-1.16.1/

准备配置文件安装：

[root@s2 nginx-1.16.1]# ./configure --prefix="/apps/nginx" \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_v2_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-pcre \
--with-stream \
--with-stream_ssl_module \
--with-stream_realip_module

3）编译安装并赋权操作

[root@s2 nginx-1.16.1]# make #编译步骤，根据Makefile⽂件⽣成相应的模块 
[root@s2 nginx-1.16.1]# make install #创建⽬录，并将⽣成的模块和⽂件复制到相应的⽬录： 

[root@s2 nginx-1.16.1]# useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin -u 2000 #以普通⽤⼾启动nginx
[root@s2 nginx-1.16.1]# chown nginx.nginx -R /apps/nginx/     # 添加目录权限

4）验证版本及编译参数

[root@s2 nginx-1.16.1]# /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -V

5） 创建Nginx⾃启动脚本–nginx.service：

[root@s1 ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service 
[Unit] 
Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server 
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service] 
Type=forking 
PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid 
# Nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong
# SELinux context. This might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline. 
# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268621 
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid 
ExecStartPre=/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 
ExecStart=/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx 
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID 
KillSignal=SIGQUIT 
TimeoutStopSec=5 
KillMode=process 
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

6）修改配置文件

vim /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
解开注释：
pid        /run/nginx.pid;

注意：(/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service和/apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf文件的PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid保持一致即可)

7）验证Nginx⾃启动脚本

[root@VM-4-16-centos nginx-1.22.0]# ln -s /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx  /usr/bin/nginx   # 添加nginx程序软链接

# 服务配置和启动
[root@s2 nginx-1.16.1]# systemctl daemon-reload 
[root@s2 nginx-1.16.1]# systemctl start nginx 
[root@s2 nginx-1.16.1]# systemctl enable nginx 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@s2 nginx-1.16.1]# systemctl status nginx

8）访问编译安装的nginx web界⾯：

三、部署过程中的问题：

1、启动成功但有报错

报错：
Can't open PID file /run/nginx.pid (yet?) after start-post: No such file or directory
Jun 14 11:28:12 VM-4-16-centos systemd[1]: nginx.service start operation timed out. Terminating.
Jun 14 11:28:12 VM-4-16-centos systemd[1]: Failed to start The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.

原因：Nginx自身Bug问题，导致Nginx服务优化后出现“Can’t open PID file /var/run/nginx.pid (yet?) after start: No such…ctory”报错

解决方法：
以下两个服务文件和配置文件对PID的描述保持一致
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid

/apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
pid        /run/nginx.pid;