<模拟飞机票订票和退票系统>的c++实现

问题描述： 

假定某民航有M个航次的班机，每个航次都只到达一个地方。试为该机场售票处设计一个自动订票和退票系统，要求系统具有以下功能：

（1） 订票：若该航次余票大于等于乘客订票数，则在该航次的乘客表中，插入订票乘客的信息项，并修改该航次有关数据，否则给出相应信息。

（2） 退票：若该航次当前退票数小于等于乘客原订票数，则在相应的乘客表中找到该乘客项，修改该航次及乘客表中有关数据；当某乘客由于退票使订票数为零时，则从乘客表中撤消该数据项。

要求:

（1）描述对航次表和乘客表选用的数据结构(顺序表、链表的综合应用)；

（2）编程实现飞机票订票和退票系统（查询、更新、删除运算的实现）。

一、逻辑设计

       编写一个模拟飞机票订票和退票系统，使该系统能够实现对航班信息的录入、浏览、查询以及订票、退票的功能。

       根据题目要求，系统要处理的数据有两类：一类是乘客数据；另一类是航班数据。乘客数据是动态的，用链表存储；而航班数据是静态的，用队列存储。

       乘客应包括的数据如下：

             name    乘客姓名

             TicketNum    购票数量

             Passenger * next    下一节点指针

       购买机票又要查询航班数据，航班应包括的数据如下：

             StartTime    航班出发时间

             EndTime    航班到达时间

             MaxContain    最大载客数量

             ReadyContain    当前已售票数量

             PassengerNode * pHead    该航班乘客首指针

       其应包含成员函数如下：

             TypeFlight    构造函数

             SetFlight    修改航班数据

             GetDeparture    取出发时间

             GetArrive    取到达时间

             GetLength    获取航班时长

             RemainTicket    获取余票数量

             BuyTicket    成员函数：购票

             CancelTicket    成员函数：退票

             SearchTicket    成员函数：搜索乘客购票数量

       为了实现出发与到达时间的输入输出及计算，定义了“时间”的抽象数据类型：

             1、在TypeTime内部用整形数定义它的小时和分钟。

             2、实现 + 、 - 运算的成员函数

             3、利用重载的流函数来输出形如“hh：mm”的格式时间

#define MaxNode 100
#define charl 100
#define MaxContainf 100

int FlightAmount;

class TypeTime
{
private:
    int hour;
    int minute;
public:
    TypeTime(int h,int m){hour=h;minute=m;}
    TypeTime(){hour=0;minute=0;}
    int Set(int h,int m)
    {
        if(h>=0&&h<24&&m>=0&&m<60){hour=h;minute=m;return 0;}
        return 1;
    }
    TypeTime & operator + ( TypeTime & t2)
    {
        int flag = 0;
        if (minute + t2.minute >= 60) flag = 1;
        TypeTime *result = new TypeTime ((hour + t2.hour + flag) % 24, (minute + t2.minute) % 60);
        return *result;
    }
    TypeTime & operator - ( TypeTime & t2)
    {
        int flag = 0;
        if (minute - t2.minute <= 0) flag = -1;
        TypeTime *result = new TypeTime ( hour - t2.hour + flag, minute - t2.minute - 60 * flag );
        return *result;
    }
    friend ostream & operator << ( ostream & os, TypeTime & t )
    {
        os<<setfill('0')<<setw(2)<<t.hour<<":"<<setw(2)<<t.minute;
        return os;
    }
};

       乘客数据可用一个结构来描述：

class PassengerNode
{
public:
    char name[charl];
    int TicketNum;
    PassengerNode * pNext;
};

       所有的航班数据进入一个队列，航班数据的描述如下：
       

class TypeFlight
{
private:
  TypeTime StartTime;
  TypeTime EndTime;
  int MaxContain;
  int ReadyContain;
  PassengerNode * pHead;
public:
  TypeFlight()
  {
    pHead=new PassengerNode();
    pHead->pNext=NULL;
  }
  void SetFlight(int h1,int m1,int h2,int m2,int MC)
  {
      StartTime.Set(h1,m1);
      EndTime.Set(h2,m2);
      MaxContain=MC;
      ReadyContain=0;
  }

  TypeTime GetDeparture(){return StartTime;}
  TypeTime GetArrive(){return EndTime;}
  TypeTime GetLength(){return EndTime - StartTime;}
  int RemainTicket(){return MaxContain - ReadyContain;}

  int BuyTicket(char name[],int amount);

  int CancelTicket(char name[],int amount);
  
  int SearchTicket(char name[]);
};
TypeFlight Flight[MaxNode];

二、成员函数设计

       1、BuyTicket

            若购票乘客存在则增加购票数量，否则创建新乘客节点

int TypeFlight :: BuyTicket(char name[],int amount)
  {
     if(amount>this->RemainTicket()){cout<<"there is not enough ticket"<<endl;return 1;}
     PassengerNode* p=new PassengerNode();
     p=pHead;
     while(p->pNext!=NULL)//找到尾节点
     {
        if(strcmp(p->name,name) == 0)
            {
                p->TicketNum += amount;
                this->ReadyContain += amount;
                return 0;
            }
        p=p->pNext;
     }
     PassengerNode* newNode=new PassengerNode();
     newNode->pNext=NULL;
     strcpy(newNode->name,name);
     newNode->TicketNum=amount;
     p=pHead;
     if(pHead==NULL)
     {
       pHead=newNode; //新节点为链表头节点
     }else
     {
        while(p->pNext!=NULL)//找到尾节点
            p=p->pNext;
        p->pNext=newNode; //在尾节点后面加入新节点
        this->ReadyContain += amount;
     }
     return 0;
  }

       2、CancelTicket

int TypeFlight :: CancelTicket(char name[],int amount)
  {
     PassengerNode* p=new PassengerNode();
     PassengerNode* deleteNode=NULL;
     p=pHead;
      while(p->pNext!=NULL && strcmp(p->pNext->name,name) != 0) p=p->pNext;
      if(p->pNext!=NULL && strcmp(p->pNext->name,name) == 0)
        {
            if(amount > p->pNext->TicketNum){cout<<"Excessive refund"<<endl;return 1;}
            if(amount == p->pNext->TicketNum)
            {
                this->ReadyContain -= amount;
                deleteNode=p->pNext;
                p->pNext=p->pNext->pNext;
                delete deleteNode;
                deleteNode=NULL;
                return 0;
            }
            p->pNext->TicketNum -= amount;
            this->ReadyContain -= amount;
            return 0;
            }
     cout<<endl<<"No such person!"<<endl;
     return 1;
  }

       

       3、SearchTicket

int TypeFlight :: SearchTicket(char name[])
  {
      PassengerNode* p=new PassengerNode();
      p=pHead;
      while(p->pNext!=NULL && strcmp(p->name,name) != 0) p=p->pNext;
      if(strcmp(p->name,name) == 0)
      {
          return p->TicketNum;
      }
      return -1;
  }

三、购票、退票、查询界面函数设计

      1、购票

void booking()
{
    system("cls");
    char name[charl];
    int n1,n3,n2;
    TypeTime t1,t2;
    while(1){
    system("cls");
    cout<<"Booking\n"<<endl<<"Please enter your name\n";
    scanf("%s", name);
    cout<<endl<<"standby ticket:"<<endl<<endl<<"No.  DEPT   ARR    remain"<<endl;
    for(int i=0;i<FlightAmount;i++)
    {
        t2=Flight[i].GetArrive();
        t1=Flight[i].GetDeparture();
        cout<<setfill('0')<<i<<".   "<<t1<<"  "<<t2<<"   "<<setw(3)<<Flight[i].RemainTicket()<<endl;
    }
    cout<<endl<<"Please enter your estimated ticket to purchase"<<endl;
    scanf("%d", &n3);
    if(n3>=FlightAmount||n3<0)
    {
        cout<<"no such ticket"<<endl;
        cout<<"exit? 1.YES 0.NO"<<endl;
        scanf("%d", &n1);
        if(n1 == 1) break;
        else continue;
    }
    cout<<"Please enter the quantity you require"<<endl;
    scanf("%d", &n2);
    if(Flight[n3].BuyTicket(name,n2)==0){cout<<endl<<"booking success!"<<endl;}
    else cout<<endl<<"booking fail!"<<endl;
    cout<<endl<<"exit? 1.YES 0.NO"<<endl;
    scanf("%d", &n1);
    if(n1 == 1) break;
    else continue;
    }
}

       2、退票

void refunding()
{
    system("cls");
    char name[charl];
    TypeTime t1,t2;
    int n1=0,n2=-1,index[FlightAmount],a=0,n3=0;
    while(1){
    a=0,n1=0,n2=-1,n3=0;
    system("cls");
    cout<<"Refunding\n"<<endl<<"Please enter your name\n";
    scanf("%s", name);
    cout<<endl<<"Your tickets:"<<endl;
    for(int i=0;i<FlightAmount;i++)
    {
        if(Flight[i].SearchTicket(name)<0) continue;
        index[a++]=i;
        n2=0;
        t2=Flight[i].GetArrive();
        t1=Flight[i].GetDeparture();
        cout<<setfill('0')<<a-1<<".  "<<t1<<" "<<t2<<"  "<<setw(3)<<Flight[i].SearchTicket(name)<<" tickets"<<endl;
    }
    if(n2<0)
    {
        cout<<endl<<"No such person!"<<endl;
        cout<<endl<<"exit? 1.YES 0.NO"<<endl;
        scanf("%d", &n1);
        if(n1 == 1) break;
        else continue;
    }
    cout<<endl<<"Please enter your estimated ticket to refund"<<endl;
    scanf("%d", &n3);
        if(n3>=a||n3<0)
    {
        cout<<"no such ticket"<<endl;
        cout<<"exit? 1.YES 0.NO"<<endl;
        scanf("%d", &n1);
        if(n1 == 1) break;
        else continue;
    }
    n2=0;
    cout<<"Please enter the quantity you require"<<endl;
    scanf("%d", &n2);
    if(Flight[index[n3]].CancelTicket(name,n2)==0){cout<<endl<<"refunding success!"<<endl;}
    else cout<<endl<<"refunding fail!"<<endl;
    cout<<endl<<"exit? 1.YES 0.NO"<<endl;
    scanf("%d", &n1);
    if(n1 == 1) break;
    else continue;

    }

}

      3、查询

void searchp()
{
    system("cls");
    char name[charl];
    TypeTime t1,t2;
    int n1,n2=-1;
    while(1){
    system("cls");
    cout<<"Order Query\n"<<endl<<"Please enter your name\n";
    scanf("%s", name);
    cout<<endl<<"Your tickets:"<<endl;
    for(int i=0;i<FlightAmount;i++)
    {
        if(Flight[i].SearchTicket(name)<0) continue;
        n2=0;
        t2=Flight[i].GetArrive();
        t1=Flight[i].GetDeparture();
        cout<<setfill('0')<<t1<<" "<<t2<<"  "<<setw(3)<<Flight[i].SearchTicket(name)<<" tickets"<<endl;
    }
    if(n2<0) cout<<"No such person"<<endl;
    cout<<endl<<"exit? 1.YES 0.NO"<<endl;
    scanf("%d", &n1);
    if(n1 == 1) break;
    }
}

四、航班的录入

       利用文件输入航班信息来提高程序真实性

void Input()
{
    //初始输入输入
    FILE *fp;
    int i,dtht,dtmt,atht,atmt,MaxContain;
    TypeTime temp1,temp2;
    fp = fopen("plane.txt", "r");
    fscanf(fp,"%d",&FlightAmount);
    printf("%d\n", FlightAmount);
    for(i = 0;i < FlightAmount;i++)
    {
        fscanf(fp, "%d:%d", &dtht,&dtmt);
        fscanf(fp, "%d:%d", &atht,&atmt);
        fscanf(fp,"%d",&MaxContain);
        Flight[i].SetFlight(dtht,dtmt,atht,atmt,MaxContain);
        temp1 = Flight[i].GetDeparture();
        temp2 = Flight[i].GetArrive();
        cout<<temp1<<" "<<temp2<<endl;
        dtht=0;dtmt=0;atht=0;atmt=0;
    }
    fclose(fp);
}

      输入格式如下：

10

07:30 09:45 99
08:25 10:40 233
10:45 13:10 100
11:20 13:40 120
14:35 16:55 325
16:40 19:00 213
18:40 20:55 65
18:50 21:05 22
21:05 23:25 46
21:35 23:50 130

五、主程序设计

void newline(int n){for(int i = 1;i <= n;i++) cout<<endl;}

void space(int n){for(int i = 1;i <= n;i++)cout<<" ";}

int main()
{
    int n, temp, s;
    Input();
    while(1)
    {
        system("cls");
        newline(10);
        space(20);
        cout<<"Welcome to use the computerized reservation system"<<endl;
        space(24);
		printf("0.booking\n");
		space(24);
		printf("1.refunding\n");
		space(24);
        printf("2.Order Query\n");
		space(24);
		printf("3.exit\n");
        scanf("%d", &n);
        if(n == 3) break;
        if(n == 0)
        {
            booking();
        }
        if(n == 1)
        {
            refunding();
        }
        if(n == 2)
        {
            searchp();
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

具体实现细节待补充，多谢阅读。