释放linux Cache

本文详细解析了Linux系统中内存管理的原理,特别是如何通过free命令查看内存使用情况,并介绍了缓存(buffers/cached)的作用及如何手动释放缓存。

因为LINUX的内核机制,一般情况下不需要特意去释放已经使用的cache。这些cache起来的内容可以增加文件以及的读写速度。
先说下free命令怎么看内存

[root@yuyii proc]# free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 515588 295452 220136 0 2060 64040
-/+ buffers/cache: 229352 286236
Swap: 682720 112 682608

其中第一行用全局角度描述系统使用的内存状况:
total——总物理内存
used——已使用内存,一般情况这个值会比较大,因为这个值包括了cache+应用程序使用的内存
free——完全未被使用的内存
shared——应用程序共享内存
buffers——缓存,主要用于目录方面,inode值等(ls大目录可看到这个值增加)
cached——缓存,用于已打开的文件
note:
total=used+free
used=buffers+cached (maybe add shared also)

第二行描述应用程序的内存使用:
前个值表示-buffers/cache——应用程序使用的内存大小,used减去缓存值
后个值表示+buffers/cache——所有可供应用程序使用的内存大小,free加上缓存值
note:
-buffers/cache=used-buffers-cached
+buffers/cache=free+buffers+cached

第三行表示swap的使用:
used——已使用
free——未使用

cache释放:
To free pagecache:
echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
To free dentries and inodes:
echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
To free pagecache, dentries and inodes:
echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

说明,释放前最好sync一下,防止丢数据。

<think> Hmm, the user is asking about methods to release cache in Linux systems. Looking at the references they provided, it's clear they've already found some technical commands but want a comprehensive understanding. The references mention using echo commands to write to /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches with values 1,2,3. References [1] and [2] both show this approach but [1] gives more context about what each value does while [2] is more concise. I notice the user specifically says "release cache" but technically in Linux we're talking about freeing up memory used by disk buffers (buff) and page cache (cache). The distinction matters because: - Buffers (buff) hold metadata about files/directories - Page cache (cache) stores actual file contents The safest method is starting with echo 1 which only clears page cache. Echo 3 is more aggressive and should be used with caution. The user might be experiencing high memory usage showing as buff/cache in free command output. They probably want to free this memory without rebooting. Important caveats to mention: - This doesn't harm running applications - Kernel will repopulate caches as needed - root privileges required For completeness, I should also mention the sync command option before clearing caches to flush unwritten data to disk. While not strictly necessary, it's good practice. The user seems technical since they're using root commands, so I can include the detailed explanations about what each echo value does. They'll appreciate understanding the underlying mechanism rather than just commands. </think> 在Linux系统中释放缓冲(buff)和缓存(cache)内存,主要可通过以下方法实现: ### 一、手动释放缓存(推荐方法) 执行三条核心命令,需**root权限**: ```bash # 1. 先同步文件系统(确保数据安全) sync # 2. 清除页缓存(PageCache) echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 3. 清除目录项和inode缓存 echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 4. 同时清除页缓存和inode缓存 echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches ``` **效果验证**: ```bash free -h # 查看内存变化 total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 7.6G 627M 6.9G 15M 121M 6.8G ``` ### 二、内核参数自动控制 修改`/etc/sysctl.conf`实现自动回收: ```bash # 添加以下参数 vm.vfs_cache_pressure=100 # 提高inode缓存回收优先级(默认100) vm.swappiness=10 # 降低交换分区使用倾向(建议值) ``` 生效配置: ```bash sysctl -p ``` ### 注意事项 1. **操作影响**: - `echo 1`:仅清理文件页缓存,**最安全** - `echo 3`:清除所有缓存,可能导致短暂I/O上升 - 生产环境建议夜间执行 2. **内存机制**: - Buffers:内核块设备缓冲区 - Cache:文件系统页缓存 - Linux自动回收空闲缓存,**手动清理仅用于特殊场景**[^1]
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