How to Reset the Root Password

B.1.4.1. How to Reset the Root Password

If you have never set a root password for MySQL, the server does not require a password at all for connecting as root. However, it is recommended to set a password for each account. See Section 5.3.1, “General Security Guidelines”.

If you set a root password previously, but have forgotten what it was, you can set a new password. The next two sections show procedures for Windows and Unix systems, respectively.

B.1.4.1.1. Resetting the Root Password on Windows Systems

Use the following procedure for resetting the password for any MySQL root accounts on Windows:

1. Log on to your system as Administrator.

2. Stop the MySQL server if it is running. For a server that is running as a Windows service, go to the Services manager:

   Start Menu -> Control Panel -> Administrative Tools -> Services
   

   Then find the MySQL service in the list, and stop it.

   If your server is not running as a service, you may need to use the Task Manager to force it to stop.

3. Create a text file and place the following statements in it. Replace the password with the password that you want to use.

   UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root';
   FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
   

   The UPDATE and FLUSH statements each must be written on a single line. The UPDATE statement resets the password for all existing root accounts, and the FLUSH statement tells the server to reload the grant tables into memory.

4. Save the file. For this example, the file will be named C:/mysql-init.txt.

5. Open a console window to get to the command prompt:

   Start Menu -> Run -> cmd
   

6. Start the MySQL server with the special --init-file option:

   C:/> C:/mysql/bin/mysqld-nt --init-file=C:/mysql-init.txt
   

   If you installed MySQL to a location other than C:/mysql, adjust the command accordingly.

   The server executes the contents of the file named by the --init-file option at startup, changing each root account password.

   You can also add the --console option to the command if you want server output to appear in the console window rather than in a log file.

   If you installed MySQL using the MySQL Installation Wizard, you may need to specify a --defaults-file option:

   C:/> "C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/bin/mysqld-nt.exe"
            --defaults-file="C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/my.ini"
            --init-file=C:/mysql-init.txt
   

   The appropriate --defaults-file setting can be found using the Services Manager:

   Start Menu -> Control Panel -> Administrative Tools -> Services
   

   Find the MySQL service in the list, right-click on it, and choose the Properties option. The Path to executable field contains the --defaults-file setting.

7. After the server has started successfully, delete C:/mysql-init.txt.

8. Stop the MySQL server, then restart it in normal mode again. If you run the server as a service, start it from the Windows Services window. If you start the server manually, use whatever command you normally use.

You should now be able to connect to MySQL as root using the new password.

B.1.4.1.2. Resetting the Root Password on Unix Systems

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Use the following procedure for resetting the password for any MySQL root accounts on Unix. The instructions assume that you will start the server so that it runs using the Unix login account that you normally use for running the server. For example, if you run the server using the mysql login account, you should log in as mysql before using the instructions. (Alternatively, you can log in as root, but in this case you must start start mysqld with the --user=mysql option. If you start the server as root without using --user=mysql, the server may create root-owned files in the data directory, such as log files, and these may cause permission-related problems for future server startups. If that happens, you will need to either change the ownership of the files to mysql or remove them.)

1. Log on to your system as the Unix mysql user that the mysqld server runs as.

2. Locate the .pid file that contains the server's process ID. The exact location and name of this file depend on your distribution, host name, and configuration. Common locations are /var/lib/mysql/, /var/run/mysqld/, and /usr/local/mysql/data/. Generally, the file name has an extension of .pid and begins with either mysqld or your system's host name.

   You can stop the MySQL server by sending a normal kill (not kill -9) to the mysqld process, using the path name of the .pid file in the following command:

   shell> kill `cat /mysql-data-directory/host_name.pid`
   

   Note the use of backticks rather than forward quotes with the cat command; these cause the output of cat to be substituted into the kill command.

3. Create a text file and place the following statements in it. Replace the password with the password that you want to use.

   UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root';
   FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
   

   The UPDATE and FLUSH statements each must be written on a single line. The UPDATE statement resets the password for all existing root accounts, and the FLUSH statement tells the server to reload the grant tables into memory.

4. Save the file. For this example, the file will be named /home/me/mysql-init. The file contains the password, so it should not be saved where it can be read by other users.

5. Start the MySQL server with the special --init-file option:

   shell> mysqld_safe --init-file=/home/me/mysql-init &
   

   The server executes the contents of the file named by the --init-file option at startup, changing each root account password.

6. After the server has started successfully, delete /home/me/mysql-init.

You should now be able to connect to MySQL as root using the new password.

Alternatively, on any platform, you can set the new password using the mysql client (but this approach is less secure):

1. Stop mysqld and restart it with the --skip-grant-tables option.

2. Connect to the mysqld server with this command:

   shell> mysql
   

3. Issue the following statements in the mysql client. Replace the password with the password that you want to use.

   mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass')
       ->                   WHERE User='root';
   mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
   

You should now be able to connect to MySQL as root using the new password.