ubuntu24.04安装 mysql-5.7.44教程

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1、下载安装包
    https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
     Product Version: 5.7.44
    Operating System: Linux - Generic
          OS Version: All

2、解压安装包
    tar -xvf mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
    得到：mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
          mysql-test-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
          
    sudo tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
    得到：mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
    
3、复制文件到指定目录
    sudo mv mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
    
4、需改用户归属
    sudo chown $(whoami) /usr/local/mysql
    
5、初始化数据库
    cd /usr/local/mysql
    sudo bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

    提示：bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

6、安装libaio.so
    sudo apt-get install libaio1
    
    提示 软件包 libaio1 没有可安装候选

    
7、启用第三方源
    sudo add-apt-repository universe
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install libaio1
    
    还是没有找到安装包
    
8、查看有没相关的包
    apt search libaio
    
    ubuntu@ubuntu-PowerEdge-R730xd:/usr/local/mysql$ apt search libaio

    libaio-dev/noble-updates 0.3.113-6build1.1 amd64
      Linux kernel AIO access library - development files

    libaio1t64/noble-updates 0.3.113-6build1.1 amd64
      Linux kernel AIO access library - shared library
      
9、安装libaio相关包
    sudo apt-get install libaio-dev libaio1t64
    
    再次sudo bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
    还是缺libaio
    
10、使用源码安装libaio
    下载源码libaio-0.3.112.tar.gz
    git clone https://gitee.com/src-oepkgs/libaio.git
    
    解压源码包
    tar zxvf libaio-0.3.112.tar.gz
    
    编译
    cd libaio-0.3.112/
    make
    sudo make install

11、重新初始化
    sudo bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
    提示：
    2025-06-13T09:38:18.808416Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
    2025-06-13T09:38:18.811559Z 0 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't change to run as user 'mysql' ;  Please check that the user exists!

    2025-06-13T09:38:18.811580Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

12、添加用户
    sudo groupadd mysql
    sudo useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

13、重新初始化
    sudo bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
    
    2025-06-13T09:42:20.239574Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
    2025-06-13T09:42:20.375502Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
    2025-06-13T09:42:20.401777Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
    2025-06-13T09:42:20.455024Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: b374940b-483a-11f0-a68a-90b11c1c28ce.
    2025-06-13T09:42:20.455401Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
    2025-06-13T09:42:21.804231Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
    2025-06-13T09:42:21.804244Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
    2025-06-13T09:42:21.807195Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
    2025-06-13T09:42:22.032412Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: rm&smlwKy1Tn

     这个加深颜色的就是初始密码        

14、复制配置文件：
    sudo cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
    sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql

15、设置环境变量：
    在~/.bashrc或/etc/profile中添加以下行：

    export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
    然后运行source ~/.bashrc或重新登录。

16、启动MySQL服务：
    sudo /etc/init.d/mysql start
    
17、缺少相关库
    ubuntu@ubuntu-PowerEdge-R730xd:~$ mysql
    mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

    创建符号链接
    sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libncurses.so.6.4 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libncurses.so.5
    

    还是缺少libtinfo
    mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libtinfo.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

     创建符号链接
    sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.6.4 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5

17、设置root密码（如果需要）：
    ubuntu@ubuntu-PowerEdge-R730xd:/opt$ mysql -u root -p
    Enter password:rm&smlwKy1Tn
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 15
    Server version: 5.7.44

    Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.

    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

    mysql>

    查看数据库
    mysql> show databases;
    ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

    修改密码
    ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'test1234';

    mysql> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sys                |
    +--------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    

18、查看mysql服务
    ps -ef|grep mysql
    root       30927       1  0 18:06 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/ubuntu-PowerEdge-R730xd.pid
    mysql      31011   30927  2 18:06 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=ubuntu-PowerEdge-R730xd.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/ubuntu-PowerEdge-R730xd.pid
    ubuntu     31041   25839  0 18:06 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

    至此安装OK