转到nginx，用上php-cgi了

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-11 20:11:14 发布

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#nginx #php #variables #user #lighttpd #resources

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本文详细介绍了如何将服务器从lighttpd切换到Nginx，并配置PHP-CGI进行后台运行。通过创建启动脚本fcgi-php，设置环境变量和监听9000端口，确保PHP在fcgi模式下稳定工作。接着，在Nginx的配置文件中启用PHP处理，通过取消注释相关部分并指定fastcgi_pass，成功实现PHP页面的展示。

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nginx用来做fcgi服务器配置倒是非常方便。一个多月前曾用过lighttpd ，但由于不大稳定，一直想换到nginx。nginx已经工作好几周都没有问题，于是准备将所有php开发的项目都转来。nginx好像配置更简洁，没有cgi概念，只服务于fcgi和静态页面。我喜欢。

fcgi需要php在后台运行。我用的是debian/ubuntu系，直接sudo apt-get install php5-cgi即可安装好支持fcgi的php。由于我们需要fcgi在后台运行，创建/etc/init.d/fcgi-php文件，然后chmod +x。网上找到的一个启动文件，稍微修改一下。

#! /bin/sh ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: php-fastcgi # Required-Start: $all # Required-Stop: $all # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: Start and stop php-cgi in external FASTCGI mode # Description: Start and stop php-cgi in external FASTCGI mode ### END INIT INFO # Author: Kurt Zankl <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> # Do NOT "set -e" PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin DESC="php-cgi in external FASTCGI mode" NAME=fcgi-php DAEMON=/usr/bin/php-cgi PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME PHP_CONFIG_FILE=/etc/php5/cgi/php.ini # Exit if the package is not installed [ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0 # Read configuration variable file if it is present [ -r /etc/default/$NAME ] && . /etc/default/$NAME # Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables . /lib/init/vars.sh # Define LSB log_* functions. # Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.0-6) to ensure that this file is present. . /lib/lsb/init-functions # If the daemon is not enabled, give the user a warning and then exit, # unless we are stopping the daemon if [ "$START" != "yes" -a "$1" != "stop" ]; then log_warning_msg "To enable $NAME, edit /etc/default/$NAME and set START=yes" exit 0 fi # Process configuration export PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS DAEMON_ARGS="-q -b $FCGI_HOST:$FCGI_PORT -c $PHP_CONFIG_FILE" do_start() { # Return # 0 if daemon has been started # 1 if daemon was already running # 2 if daemon could not be started start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null / || return 1 start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON / --background --make-pidfile --chuid $EXEC_AS_USER --startas $DAEMON -- / $DAEMON_ARGS / || return 2 } do_stop() { # Return # 0 if daemon has been stopped # 1 if daemon was already stopped # 2 if daemon could not be stopped # other if a failure occurred start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE > /dev/null # --name $DAEMON RETVAL="$?" [ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2 # Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks # and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript. # If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code # that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be # needed by services started subsequently. A last resort is to # sleep for some time. start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=0/30/KILL/5 --exec $DAEMON [ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2 # Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit. rm -f $PIDFILE return "$RETVAL" } case "$1" in start) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME" do_start case "$?" in 0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;; 2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; stop) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME" do_stop case "$?" in 0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;; 2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; restart|force-reload) log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME" do_stop case "$?" in 0|1) do_start case "$?" in 0) log_end_msg 0 ;; 1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start esac ;; *) # Failed to stop log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; *) echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2 exit 3 ;; esac

上面的可执行程序要配合/etc/default/fcgi-php这个“启动项配置文件”来运行：

START=yes # Which user runs PHP? (default: www-data) EXEC_AS_USER=www-data # Host and TCP port for FASTCGI-Listener (default: localhost:9000) FCGI_HOST=localhost FCGI_PORT=9000 # Environment variables, which are processed by PHP PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=4 PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=1000

这样是否已经很清楚了？完全可以运行/etc/init.d/fcgi-php start来看是否启动。netstat -at 可以看到9000端口在侦听。接下来的活就是配置nginx。主配置文件是/etc/nginx/nginx.conf。在此文件中include了其他配置文件，应该很容易理解。

一般来说我们需要改动的是在/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default文件。只要把php相关部分的#注释去掉。比如：

location ~ /.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/nginx-default$fastcgi_script_name;
        #includefastcgi_params;
    }

重新启动sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart

按照我的配置，建立/var/www/nginx-default/index.php：

<? echo phpinfo(); ?>

保存，打开浏览器可以看到phpinfo页说明成功。