java.lang.NullPointerException: null 解决方案(一)

JavaNullPointerException解决指南(一)
本文探讨了在Java编程中遇到NullPointerException时如何进行排查和解决,特别是针对在SpringBoot或JavaEE环境中,当尝试调用null对象的方法时出现的问题。
019-09-23 19:50:25.531  WARN 2220 --- [http-nio-8080-exec-1] .m.m.a.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver : Failure in @ExceptionHandler public com.nice.commons.exception.ErrorResponseEntiry com.nice.commons.exception.GlobalExceptionHandler.runtimeExceptionHandler(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,java.lang.Exception,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)

java.lang.ClassCastException: org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException cannot be cast to java.lang.RuntimeException
	at com.nice.commons.exception.GlobalExceptionHandler.runtimeExceptionHandler(GlobalExceptionHandler.java:34) ~[classes/:na]
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:190) ~[spring-web-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:138) ~[spring-web-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:104) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver.doResolveHandlerMethodException(ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver.java:408) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodExceptionResolver.doResolveException(AbstractHandlerMethodExceptionResolver.java:61) [spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver.resolveException(AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver.java:140) [spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerExceptionResolverComposite.resolveException(HandlerExceptionResolverComposite.java:79) [spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.processHandlerException(DispatcherServlet.java:1298) [spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.processDispatchResult(DispatcherServlet.java:1110) [spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1056) [spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:942) [spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1005) [spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:897) [spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:634) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:882) [spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:741) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:712) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.processRequest(ApplicationDispatcher.java:461) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doForward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:384) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.forward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:312) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.custom(StandardHostValve.java:394) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.status(StandardHostValve.java:253) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.throwable(StandardHostValve.java:348) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:173) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:343) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:408) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:853) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1587) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) [na:1.8.0_202]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) [na:1.8.0_202]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) [na:1.8.0_202]

2019-09-23 19:50:25.532 ERROR 2220 --- [http-nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[/].[dispatcherServlet]    : Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] threw exception

java.lang.NullPointerException: null
	at com.nice.controller.LoginController.index(LoginController.java:42) ~[classes/:na]
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:190) ~[spring-web-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:138) ~[spring-web-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:104) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:892) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:797) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1039) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:942) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1005) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:897) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:634) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:882) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:741) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:712) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.processRequest(ApplicationDispatcher.java:461) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doForward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:384) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.forward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:312) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at com.nice.commons.interceptor.LoginHandlerInterceptor.preHandle(LoginHandlerInterceptor.java:25) ~[classes/:na]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain.applyPreHandle(HandlerExecutionChain.java:136) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1034) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:942) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1005) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:897) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:634) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:882) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:741) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:712) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.processRequest(ApplicationDispatcher.java:461) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doForward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:384) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.forward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:312) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.custom(StandardHostValve.java:394) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.status(StandardHostValve.java:253) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.throwable(StandardHostValve.java:348) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:173) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:343) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:408) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:853) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1587) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) [na:1.8.0_202]
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) [na:1.8.0_202]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.22.jar:9.0.22]
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) [na:1.8.0_202]

看看有没有为null的对象去调用某个方法

### Druid 中 `java.lang.NullPointerException` 的原因分析 在使用 Druid 数据源时,可能会遇到 `java.lang.NullPointerException`(简称 NPE)。这种错误通常表明程序尝试访问或操作个未初始化的对象实例。以下是可能导致该问题的原因以及解决方案: #### 1. **数据源未正确初始化** 如果 Druid 数据源未被正确初始化,则可能引发 NPE。例如,在 Spring 或其他框架中配置 Druid 数据源时,如果没有正确注入依赖项或者缺少必要的属性配置,就可能发生此类问题。 解决方案:确保 Druid 数据源已正确定义并加载到应用程序上下文中[^1]。 ```xml <!-- 配置 Druid 数据源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"> <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /> <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" /> </bean> ``` #### 2. **SQL 查询返回的结果集为空** 当执行 SQL 查询时,如果查询结果为空而代码试图访问不存在的数据字段,也可能触发 NPE。这种情况常见于 ORM 映射不匹配或手动处理 ResultSet 时。 解决方法:始终验证查询结果是否为 null 并采取适当措施来防止潜在的空指针异常[^2]。 ```java if (resultSet != null && resultSet.next()) { String result = resultSet.getString("column_name"); System.out.println(result); } else { System.out.println("No data found."); } ``` #### 3. **连接池耗尽** 若应用频繁发起数据库请求却未能及时释放资源,最终会耗尽可用连接数。此时再次获取新连接时可能出现 NullPointerException,因为内部逻辑无法分配有效链接给调用方。 处理建议:合理调整最大活动连接数量(`maxActive`)、最小闲置连接数目(`minIdle`)以及其他参数以优化性能表现;同时注意关闭不再使用的 Statement 和 Connection 对象[^3]。 ```properties druid.max-active=20 druid.min-idle=5 druid.initial-size=10 druid.time-between-eviction-runs-millis=60000 druid.min-evictable-idle-time-millis=300000 ``` #### 4. **多线程环境下的竞态条件** 虽然不可变对象本身具有天然的线程安全性特点,但在实际开发过程中仍需警惕共享变量带来的同步隐患。比如多个线程同时读写同个非原子型成员变量时容易造成混乱局面进而抛出 NullPointer Exception。 应对策略:采用 volatile 关键字修饰易受干扰的关键部位或是借助锁机制保护临界区内的敏感操作序列。 --- ### 总结 通过上述讨论可以看出,针对 Druid 引发的 `java.lang.NullPointerException` 错误可以从以下几个方面入手排查和修复: - 检查数据源配置文件是否存在遗漏项目; - 加强对于外部输入数据合法性的校验力度; - 科学规划连接池容量大小及其回收频率; - 在高并发场景下运用恰当的技术手段规避竞争冲突现象的发生。 希望以上内容能够帮助您快速定位并解决问题!
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