merge k sorted list with iterator

本文介绍了一种实现合并K个已排序整数列表的方法,通过使用Java中的优先队列来按顺序输出所有元素。具体实现了MergeKListIterator类,构造函数接收多个列表并初始化优先队列,hasNext()方法检查是否还有更多元素,next()方法返回下一个最小元素。

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Given k sorted lists of O(n) integers each, implement an iterator that will yield all elements in sorted order。

package list;

import java.util.*;

class Wrapper {
	public ArrayList<Integer> list;
	public int index;

	public Wrapper(ArrayList<Integer> list, int index) {
		this.list = list;
		this.index = index;
	}
}

public class MergeKListIterator {
	PriorityQueue<Wrapper> queue;

	public MergeKListIterator(ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> lists) {
		queue = new PriorityQueue<Wrapper>(10, new Comparator<Wrapper>() {
			@Override
			public int compare(Wrapper w1, Wrapper w2) {
				return w1.list.get(w1.index) - w2.list.get(w2.index);
			}
		});

		for (ArrayList<Integer> list : lists) {
			Wrapper w = new Wrapper(list, 0);
			queue.offer(w);
		}
	}

	public boolean hasNext() {
		if (!queue.isEmpty())
			return true;

		return false;
	}

	public Integer next() {

		Wrapper w = queue.poll();

		ArrayList<Integer> list = w.list;
		int index = w.index;

		if (index < list.size() - 1) {
			w.index = index + 1;
			queue.offer(w);
		}

		return list.get(index);
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		ArrayList<Integer> l1 = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		ArrayList<Integer> l2 = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		ArrayList<Integer> l3 = new ArrayList<Integer>();

		l1.add(2);
		l1.add(4);
		l1.add(6);
		l2.add(1);
		l2.add(3);
		l3.add(5);

		ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> lists = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
		lists.add(l1);
		lists.add(l2);
		lists.add(l3);

		MergeKListIterator mk = new MergeKListIterator(lists);
		while (mk.hasNext()) {
			System.out.println(mk.next());
		}
	}

}


### C++ STL List Usage and Examples In the context of C++, `std::list` is a container that supports constant time insertions and deletions from anywhere within the sequence. This makes it particularly useful when frequent insertion or deletion operations are required. #### Declaration and Initialization A list can be declared using different methods: ```cpp #include <iostream> #include <list> int main() { std::list<int> my_list = {1, 2, 3}; // Initialize with values // Add elements to the end of the list my_list.push_back(4); // Print all elements in the list for (auto& elem : my_list) { std::cout << elem << " "; } } ``` #### Common Operations on Lists Adding an element at any position involves specifying where exactly one wants to add this new item: ```cpp // Inserting before specific iterator location my_list.insert(my_list.begin(), 0); // Inserts '0' as first element ``` Removing items also has multiple options available depending upon what needs removal – either by value or through iterators pointing towards those positions which need erasing: ```cpp // Remove all occurrences of a particular value my_list.remove(2); // Erase single occurrence pointed by iterator auto pos = my_list.begin(); pos++; // Move past beginning my_list.erase(pos); ``` Checking whether two lists contain identical sequences without considering their order might involve sorting both collections beforehand followed by comparison via equality operator (`==`) provided they support such operation directly out-of-the-box like so: ```cpp if (sorted_copy_of_my_list == another_sorted_list) { // Both have same contents regardless of original ordering. } ``` For more advanced manipulations including merging sorted ranges into destination containers while preserving relative orders among equal keys during merge process etc., refer standard library documentation regarding algorithms operating over bidirectional iterators since these apply equally well here too due to nature how linked structures internally manage memory allocation/deallocation patterns under hood[^1].
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