Ubunt14.04开发Django应用

一、Django环境配置

1、Apache安装

sudo apt-get install apache2

2、mysql安装

sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

3、python安装

4、Django安装

sudo apt-get install python-pip
sudo pip install Django==1.6.5
sudo apt-get install python-mysqldb

二、开发步骤-管理网站

1、新建Project

django-admin.py startproject mysite

2、新建APP

python manage.py startapp polls

3、数据库配置

修改mysite/mysite/setting.py中的数据库配置

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',//mysql
        'NAME': 'djangoDB',//data base
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'root',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': '',
    }
}

修改mysite/mysite/setting.py中的install APP配置

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'polls',//添加的APP，其他默认

)

4、默认数据库建立

python manage.py syncdb

mysql> show tables;
+------------------------+
| Tables_in_djangoDB     |
+------------------------+
| auth_group             |
| auth_group_permissions |
| auth_permission        |
| auth_user              |
| django_admin_log       |
| django_content_type    |
| django_session         |
| polls_choice           |
| polls_question         |
+------------------------+

5、model和数据库建立

编辑polls/model.py

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone

# Create your models here.
class Question(models.Model):
        question_text=models.CharField(max_length=200)
        pub_date=models.DateTimeField('date published')
        def __str__(self):
                return self.question_text
        def was_published_recently(self):
                return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
class Choice(models.Model):
        question=models.ForeignKey(Question)
        choice_text=models.CharField(max_length=200)
        votes=models.IntegerField(default=0)
        def __str__(self):
                return self.choice_text

编辑polls/admin.py,注册APP

from django.contrib import admin
from polls.models import Choice, Question

admin.site.register(Question)
admin.site.register(Choice)
# Register your models here.

model对应的mysql数据库结构如下

mysql> desc polls_choice;
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field       | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id          | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| question_id | int(11)      | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
| choice_text | varchar(200) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| votes       | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc polls_question;
+---------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field         | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+---------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id            | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| question_text | varchar(200) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| pub_date      | datetime     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+---------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6、管理页面

超级用户增加
python manage.py createsuperuser
运行
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

此时浏览器打开即可访问到管理界面，实现友好的控制（数据库、用户等）

三、开发步骤-public网页

1、html页面

root@u21:~/mysites/polls/templates/polls# ls
detail.html  index.html

root@u21:~/mysites/polls/templates/polls# cat detail.html 
<h1>{{question.question_text}}</h1>
<ul>
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span><li>{{choice.choice_text}}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>

root@u21:~/mysites/polls/templates/polls# cat index.html 
{%if latest_question_list %}
    <ul>
    {% for question in latest_question_list %}
        <li><a href="/polls/{{ question.id }}/">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>
{% else %}
    <p>No polls are available.</p>
{% endif %}

2、view

root@u21:~/mysites/polls# cat views.py
from django.shortcuts import render

from django.http import HttpResponse,Http404
from polls.models import Question
from django.template import RequestContext,loader
def index(request):
    latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
    template = loader.get_template('polls/index.html')
    context = RequestContext(request, {
        'latest_question_list': latest_question_list,
    })
    return HttpResponse(template.render(context))
def detail(request, question_id):
    try:
	question = Question.objects.get(pk=question_id)
    except Question.DoesNotExist:
        raise Http404
    return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question}) 
def results(request, question_id):
    response = "You're looking at the results of question %s."
    return HttpResponse(response % question_id)

def vote(request, question_id):
    return HttpResponse("You're voting on question %s." % question_id)	

3、url匹配

root@u21:~/mysites/polls# cat urls.py

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

from polls import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # ex: /polls/
    url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),
    # ex: /polls/5/
    url(r'^(?P<question_id>\d+)/$', views.detail, name='detail'),
    # ex: /polls/5/results/
    url(r'^(?P<question_id>\d+)/results/$', views.results, name='results'),
    # ex: /polls/5/vote/
    url(r'^(?P<question_id>\d+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote'),
)

root@u21:~/mysites/mysites# cat urls.py
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url


from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()


urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'mysites.views.home', name='home'),
    # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),


    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls')),
)

打开页面即可进行测试