Given a text file file.txt
, transpose its content.
You may assume that each row has the same number of columns and each field is separated by the ' '
character.
For example, if file.txt
has the following content:
name age alice 21 ryan 30
Output the following:
name alice ryan age 21 30
思路:相当于矩阵转置
awk '{
for (i = 1; i <= NF; ++i) {
if (NR == 1) s[i] = $i;
else s[i] = s[i] " " $i;
}
} END {
for (i = 1; s[i] != ""; ++i) {
print s[i];
}
}' file.txt
转置一个文件,每个单词空格隔开看做是矩阵中的一个元素,然后将转置后的内容打印出来。
awk关键字的做法:NF表示当前记录中的字段个数,就是有多少列,NR表示已经读出的记录数,就是行号,从1开始,是个变量。那么在这里NF是2,因为文本只有两列,这里面这个for循环i实际上遍历的数字为1,2,1,2,1,2。
(NF表示总列数,$1表示第一列的值)
遍历过程如下:
i = 1, s = [name]
i = 2, s = [name; age]
i = 1, s = [name alice; age]
i = 2, s = [name alice; age 21]
i = 1, s = [name alice ryan; age 21]
i = 2, s = [name alice ryan; age 21 30]
然后我们再将s中的各行打印出来即可。