Ubuntu中Docker容器的常见操作

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-18 17:57:03 发布

shenzhen_zsw

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-18 17:57:03 发布

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分类专栏：【Docker】Ubuntu

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/shenzhen_zsw/article/details/74065069

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本文详细介绍Docker的基础操作，包括启动容器、查看容器状态、启动交互式容器等，并演示了如何在Ubuntu环境中部署一个简单的Nginx静态网站。

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启动容器

root@ubuntu:~# docker run ubuntu echo 'Hello World'
root@ubuntu:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
fcf9597b6716        ubuntu:latest       "echo 'Hello World!'   5 minutes ago       Exited (0) 5 minutes ago                        tender_payne        
5205c49f62d0        ubuntu:latest       "echo 'Hello World!'   35 minutes ago      Exited (0) 35 minutes ago                       angry_euclid

启动交互式容器

root@ubuntu:~# docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash

查看容器

root@ubuntu:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
33e7ad5295b8        ubuntu:latest       "/bin/bash"            31 seconds ago      Exited (127) 12 seconds ago                       cocky_euclid        
fcf9597b6716        ubuntu:latest       "echo 'Hello World!'   6 minutes ago       Exited (0) 6 minutes ago                          tender_payne        
5205c49f62d0        ubuntu:latest       "echo 'Hello World!'   36 minutes ago      Exited (0) 36 minutes ago                         angry_euclid        
root@ubuntu:~# docker inspect 33e7ad5295b8

重新启动停止容器

root@ubuntu:~# docker start 33e7ad5295b8
33e7ad5295b8
root@ubuntu:~# docker attach 33e7ad5295b8
root@33e7ad5295b8:/# exit

自定义容器名/启动守护式容器

root@ubuntu:~# docker run --name=dc1 -d ubuntu /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
10a2f47603053cde5976374fcca3503b7ca72865fbd1dc48a140440225795111
root@ubuntu:~#

查看日志

root@ubuntu:~# docker logs dc1
hello world
root@ubuntu:~#

查看最新日志

root@ubuntu:~# docker logs -tf --tail 0 dc1
2017-06-30T22:39:41.197508556Z hello world

在运行中的容器内启动新进程

root@ubuntu:~# docker exec -i -t dc1 /bin/bash
root@ubuntu:~# docker top dc1
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                5938                4989                0                   15:38               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done
root                6267                4989                0                   15:40               pts/4               00:00:00            /bin/bash
root                6298                5938                0                   15:40               ?                   00:00:00            sleep 1
root@ubuntu:~# 
root@ubuntu:~# docker exec -i -t dc1 /bin/bash
root@ubuntu:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
10a2f4760305        ubuntu:latest       "/bin/sh -c 'while t   2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                            dc1                 
root@ubuntu:~#

停止守护式容器

root@ubuntu:~# docker stop dc1
dc1
root@ubuntu:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
10a2f4760305        ubuntu:latest       "/bin/sh -c 'while t   3 minutes ago       Exited (137) 15 seconds ago                       dc1                 
33e7ad5295b8        ubuntu:latest       "/bin/bash"            9 minutes ago       Exited (0) 4 minutes ago                          cocky_euclid        
fcf9597b6716        ubuntu:latest       "echo 'Hello World!'   15 minutes ago      Exited (0) 15 minutes ago                         tender_payne        
root@ubuntu:~# 
root@ubuntu:~# docker start dc1
dc1

在容器中部署静态网站-Nginx部署流程

启动一个容器web
root@ubuntu:~# docker run -p 80 --name=web -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash


安装nginx
root@666dc69dc786:/# apt-get install nginx -y
root@ubuntu:~# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                   NAMES
666dc69dc786        ubuntu:latest       "/bin/bash"         7 hours ago         Up 7 hours          0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp   web                 




安装vim
root@ubuntu:~# docker attach web
root@666dc69dc786:/# apt-get update
root@666dc69dc786:/# apt-get install vim -y
root@666dc69dc786:/# 




更改为阿里源
root@666dc69dc786:/# cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
root@666dc69dc786:/# vim /etc/apt/sources.list
root@666dc69dc786:/# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse


root@666dc69dc786:/# 




更新源
root@666dc69dc786:/# apt-get update
root@666dc69dc786:/# apt-get install nginx -y
root@666dc69dc786:/# nginx
root@666dc69dc786:/# ps -ef|grep nginx
root       1165      1  0 06:06 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
www-data   1166   1165  0 06:06 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data   1167   1165  0 06:06 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data   1168   1165  0 06:06 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data   1169   1165  0 06:06 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root       1171      1  0 06:06 ?        00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
root@666dc69dc786:/# 






创建hmtl目录
root@666dc69dc786:/# mkdir /var/www/html -p
root@666dc69dc786:/# cd /var/www/html/
root@666dc69dc786:/var/www/html# vim index.html
root@666dc69dc786:/var/www/html# cat index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Nginx in Dcoker</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, I'm website in Dcoker</h1>
</body>
</html>
root@666dc69dc786:/var/www/html# ls /etc/nginx/
conf.d          koi-utf  mime.types           naxsi.rules       nginx.conf    scgi_params      sites-enabled  win-utf
fastcgi_params  koi-win  naxsi-ui.conf.1.4.1  naxsi_core.rules  proxy_params  sites-available  uwsgi_params


root@666dc69dc786:/var/www/html# vim /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default 
.....
root /var/www/html;
.....


root@ubuntu:~# docker attach 666dc69dc786
root@666dc69dc786:/var/www/html# nginx -s reload
root@666dc69dc786:/var/www/html# root@ubuntu:~# 
root@ubuntu:~# docker attach 666dc69dc786
root@ubuntu:~# docker port web
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32768
root@ubuntu:~# docker top web
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                6541                4989                0                   22:40               pts/4               00:00:00            /bin/bash
root                8001                6541                0                   23:06               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: master process nginx
www-data            8082                8001                0                   23:14               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
www-data            8083                8001                0                   23:14               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
www-data            8084                8001                0                   23:14               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
www-data            8085                8001                0                   23:14               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
root@ubuntu:~# 
root@ubuntu:~# curl http://127.0.0.1:32768
<html>
<head>
<title>Nginx in Dcoker</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, I'm website in Dcoker</h1>
</body>
</html>
root@ubuntu:~# 




停止容器web
root@ubuntu:~# docker stop web


启动停止的容器web
重启后，web容器ip、端口以变动；
root@ubuntu:~# docker start -i web
root@666dc69dc786:/# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 06:17 ?        00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         11      1  0 06:17 ?        00:00:00 ps -ef
root@666dc69dc786:/# 
root@666dc69dc786:/# root@ubuntu:~# 
root@ubuntu:~# 


通过docker exec 的方式启动nginx
root@ubuntu:~# docker exec web nginx
root@ubuntu:~# docker top web
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                8163                4989                0                   23:17               pts/2               00:00:00            /bin/bash
root                8215                8163                0                   23:18               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: master process nginx
www-data            8216                8215                0                   23:18               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
www-data            8217                8215                0                   23:18               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
www-data            8218                8215                0                   23:18               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
www-data            8219                8215                0                   23:18               ?                   00:00:00            nginx: worker process
root@ubuntu:~# 
root@ubuntu:~# docker port web
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32769
root@ubuntu:~# 
root@ubuntu:~# curl http://127.0.0.1:32769
<html>
<head>
<title>Nginx in Dcoker</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, I'm website in Dcoker</h1>
</body>
</html>
root@ubuntu:~#