freemarker的classic_compatible

本文介绍了一位开发者在尝试将SpringBoot应用与Freemarker模板引擎整合时遇到的问题及解决办法。主要问题是由于配置缺失导致的Freemarker异常。

最近在整合springboot和freemarker。在这过程中遇到了一个奇怪的问题.

我匹配下面这个请求:

@RequestMapping(value="/login",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public String loginget() {
        return "pages/pub/login";
    }

如果访问成功就是访问到了下面这个login.html文件

这里写图片描述

application.yml如下:

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: springboot-freemarker-demo
  resources:
  #比如你要把static文件放在e盘的learn目录下
    static-locations: file:///E:/learn/static/  
  freemarker:
    content-type: text/html
    suffix: .html

浏览器访问结果

这里写图片描述

一看控制台,原来是报错了

freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: The following has evaluated to null or missing:
==> res  [in template "pages/global/jscss.html" at line 1, column 33]

----
Tip: If the failing expression is known to be legally refer to something that's sometimes null or missing, either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing</#if>. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)??
----

----
FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related):
    - Failed at: ${res}  [in template "pages/global/jscss.html" at line 1, column 31]
    - Reached through: #include "/pages/global/jscss.html"  [in template "pages/pub/login.html" at line 4, column 1]
----
    at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134) ~[freemarker-2.3.25-incubating.jar:2.3.25]
    at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToTextualCommon(EvalUtil.java:451) ~[freemarker-2.3.25-incubating.jar:2.3.25]
    at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:374) ~[freemarker-2.3.25-incubating.jar:2.3.25]
    at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.calculateInterpolatedStringOrMarkup(DollarVariable.java:96) ~[freemarker-2.3.25-incubating.jar:2.3.25]
    at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:59) ~[freemarker-2.3.25-incubating.jar:2.3.25]
    at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327) [freemarker-2.3.25-incubating.jar:2.3.25]
    at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333) [freemarker-2.3.25-incubating.jar:2.3.25]
    at freemarker.core.Environment.include(Environment.java:2509) [freemarker-2.3.25-incubating.jar:2.3.25]
    at freemarker.core.Include.accept(Include.java:171) [freemarker-2.3.25-incubating.jar:2.3.25]
    at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:327) [freemarker-2.3.25-incubating.jar:2.3.25]
    at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:333) [freemarker-2.3.25-incubating.jar:2.3.25]
    at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:306) [freemarker-2.3.25-incubating.jar:2.3.25]
    at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:386) [freemarker-2.3.25-incubating.jar:2.3.25]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.processTemplate(FreeMarkerView.java:367) [spring-webmvc-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.doRender(FreeMarkerView.java:284) [spring-webmvc-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.renderMergedTemplateModel(FreeMarkerView.java:234) [spring-webmvc-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractTemplateView.renderMergedOutputModel(AbstractTemplateView.java:167) [spring-webmvc-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractView.render(AbstractView.java:303) [spring-webmvc-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.render(DispatcherServlet.java:1257) [spring-webmvc-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.processDispatchResult(DispatcherServlet.java:1037) [spring-webmvc-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:980) [spring-webmvc-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:897) [spring-webmvc-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:970) [spring-webmvc-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:861) [spring-webmvc-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:622) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:846) [spring-webmvc-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:230) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:165) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) [tomcat-embed-websocket-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:192) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:165) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99) [spring-web-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [spring-web-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:192) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:165) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:89) [spring-web-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [spring-web-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:192) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:165) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:77) [spring-web-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [spring-web-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:192) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:165) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:197) [spring-web-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [spring-web-4.3.3.RELEASE.jar:4.3.3.RELEASE]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:192) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:165) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:198) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:108) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:472) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:349) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:784) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:802) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1410) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source) [na:1.7.0_80]
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source) [na:1.7.0_80]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) [tomcat-embed-core-8.5.5.jar:8.5.5]
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) [na:1.7.0_80]

2017-06-14 20:41:52.384 ERROR 5356 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[/].[dispatcherServlet]    : Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: The following has evaluated to null or missing:
==> res  [in template "pages/global/jscss.html" at line 1, column 33]

----
Tip: If the failing expression is known to be legally refer to something that's sometimes null or missing, either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing</#if>. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)??
----

----
FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related):
    - Failed at: ${res}  [in template "pages/global/jscss.html" at line 1, column 31]
    - Reached through: #include "/pages/global/jscss.html"  [in template "pages/pub/login.html" at line 4, column 1]
----] with root cause

最后原来是,我的applicaiton.yml文件少配了一个freemarker的配置:

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: springboot-freemarker-demo
  resources:
  #比如你要把static文件放在e盘的learn目录下
    static-locations: file:///E:/learn/static/  
  freemarker:
    content-type: text/html
    suffix: .html
    #加上下面两行,问题就解决了
    settings:
      classic_compatible: true
<think>嗯,用户问的是FreeMarker中如何进行空值安全处理的方法或语法。我需要根据提供的引用资料来回答这个问题。首先,我得回忆一下FreeMarker的基本语法,尤其是处理空值的部分。 根据引用[1],提到使用${empty!"EmptyValue of fbysss"}这种格式,这里用到了!操作符来提供默认值。当变量为空时,显示后面的替代值。这应该是一个常用的方法,可以防止变量为空导致的错误。 然后引用[2]中提到了使用??来判断变量是否存在。比如<#if photoList??>...</#if>,这样可以先检查变量是否存在,再执行相关操作。另外,还指出在if条件中不能直接使用${},应该直接用变量名,比如<#if isBig>而不是${isBig}。 接下来,我需要把这些信息整理成步骤。首先,可能分为两种主要方法:默认值操作符和条件判断。默认值操作符用!,而条件判断用??。另外,可能还要提到避免在条件中使用${}的错误做法。 还要注意用户可能需要具体的例子,所以在回答中应该包含代码示例,比如如何用!来设置默认值,如何用??进行判断。此外,可能还需要提到如何处理对象属性的空值,比如user.name!或者(user.name)!,括号的区别在哪里。 另外,用户可能想知道为什么有时候需要加括号,比如当整个表达式可能为空时,用括号包裹起来,这样!才会应用到整个表达式的结果上,而不是单个变量。例如,(user.name)!user.name!的区别。 可能还需要提到Freemarker的配置设置,比如设置classic_compatible为true,但这可能会导致其他问题,所以通常建议显式处理空值而不是依赖全局配置。 用户的问题可能涉及到模板中的变量是否存在或者为null,所以需要分情况讨论。比如变量是否存在(是否在数据模型中),以及变量的值是否为null。使用??可以同时检查这两种情况,但需要明确说明。 最后,生成相关的问题,比如如何避免空指针异常,Freemarker中如何判断变量是否存在,以及默认值设置的高级用法。这些问题可以帮助用户进一步了解空值处理的不同方面。</think>### FreeMarker空值安全处理方法及语法 在FreeMarker中处理空值时,需通过**显式判断**或**默认值语法**来避免模板渲染错误。以下是具体方法: --- #### 一、默认值操作符 `!` 使用`!`操作符为变量设置默认值,当变量为`null`或不存在时自动替换: ```freemarker <!-- 基础用法 --> ${user.name!"匿名用户"} <!-- 嵌套属性安全处理 --> ${(user.profile.address.street)!} <!-- 若任意中间属性为null,整个表达式返回空 --> ${(user.profile.address.street)!"地址未填写"} <!-- 组合使用 --> ``` **技术细节**: - 括号`( )`确保`!`作用于整个表达式结果,而非单个属性 - 未加括号时,如`user.name!`仅处理`user.name`的null值,不处理`user`本身的null --- #### 二、空值判断符 `??` 通过逻辑判断先验证变量是否存在或非空: ```freemarker <#if product??> 商品名称:${product.name} <#else> 商品信息不存在 </#if> <!-- 多级属性判断 --> <#if (user.profile.address)??> 地址:${user.profile.address.street} </#if> ``` **注意事项**: - 禁止在`<#if>`中直接使用`${}`,应直接写变量名 **错误示例**:`<#if ${isVIP}>` **正确示例**:`<#if isVIP>` --- #### 三、配置级空值处理 通过`classic_compatible`配置自动抑制空值错误(**慎用**): ```properties # 在freemarker.properties中设置 classic_compatible=true ``` **副作用**:此配置会改变其他语法行为(如布尔值比较),建议优先使用显式处理[^1][^2]。 --- ### 最佳实践建议 1. **优先组合语法**:对多级属性使用`(obj.field1.field2)!`格式 2. **明确业务逻辑**:关键数据采用`<#if var??>`显式判断 3. **避免全局配置**:防止因`classic_compatible`引发意外行为 ---
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