Python实例题：Python3实现火车票查询工具_python获取火车车次和换乘-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/shangzhiqi/article/details/147642282

Python实例题

题目

Python3实现火车票查询工具

python3-train-ticket-queryPython 3 火车票查询工具脚本

import requests
import json


def get_station_code():
    """
    获取车站代码映射字典
    """
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9163'
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36'
    }
    try:
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
        response.raise_for_status()
        data = response.text
        stations = data.split('@')[1:]
        station_code_dict = {}
        for station in stations:
            parts = station.split('|')
            station_name = parts[1]
            station_code = parts[2]
            station_code_dict[station_name] = station_code
        return station_code_dict
    except requests.RequestException as e:
        print(f"请求出错: {e}")
        return {}


def query_train_tickets(from_station, to_station, date):
    """
    查询火车票信息
    :param from_station: 出发站名称
    :param to_station: 到达站名称
    :param date: 出发日期，格式：YYYY-MM-DD
    """
    station_code_dict = get_station_code()
    if from_station not in station_code_dict or to_station not in station_code_dict:
        print("未找到车站信息，请检查输入。")
        return
    from_code = station_code_dict[from_station]
    to_code = station_code_dict[to_station]
    url = f'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryZ?leftTicketDTO.train_date={date}&leftTicketDTO.from_station={from_code}&leftTicketDTO.to_station={to_code}&purpose_codes=ADULT'
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36',
        'Referer': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init'
    }
    try:
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
        response.raise_for_status()
        result = response.json()
        if result['status']:
            trains = result['data']['result']
            for train in trains:
                info = train.split('|')
                train_number = info[3]
                start_station = info[6]
                end_station = info[7]
                start_time = info[8]
                end_time = info[9]
                duration = info[10]
                # 二等座余票信息
                second_seat = info[30] if info[30] else '无'
                print(f"车次: {train_number}, 出发站: {start_station}, 到达站: {end_station}, "
                      f"出发时间: {start_time}, 到达时间: {end_time}, 历时: {duration}, 二等座余票: {second_seat}")
        else:
            print("查询失败，请稍后重试。")
    except requests.RequestException as e:
        print(f"请求出错: {e}")
    except json.JSONDecodeError:
        print("数据解析出错，请稍后重试。")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    from_station = input("请输入出发站名称: ")
    to_station = input("请输入到达站名称: ")
    date = input("请输入出发日期（格式：YYYY-MM-DD）: ")
    query_train_tickets(from_station, to_station, date)

代码解释

get_station_code 函数：
- 发送请求获取 12306 车站代码的 JavaScript 文件。
- 解析该文件，提取车站名称和对应的代码，存储在字典中返回。
query_train_tickets 函数：
- 调用 get_station_code 函数获取车站代码字典。
- 根据用户输入的出发站、到达站和日期，构造查询车票信息的 URL。
- 发送请求获取车票信息的 JSON 数据。
- 若查询成功，解析 JSON 数据，提取车次、出发站、到达站、出发时间、到达时间、历时和二等座余票信息并打印。
主程序：
- 提示用户输入出发站名称、到达站名称和出发日期。
- 调用 query_train_tickets 函数进行车票查询。