student table

本文介绍了一个使用Java Swing实现的学生管理系统的图形用户界面应用。该应用能够进行学生信息的增删改查操作,并通过表格形式展示所有学生信息。文章详细展示了如何创建窗口、设置组件以及实现与数据库交互的功能。
/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */
package test.main;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JTable;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;
import javax.swing.table.TableModel;
import test.cl.Student;
import test.pu.sql_con;

/**
 *
 * @author Administrator
 */
public class mainframe extends javax.swing.JFrame {

     List<Student> stuList = null;
     sql_con  ss = new sql_con(); 
    /**
     * Creates new form mainframe
     */
    public mainframe()  {
        initComponents();

        
        try {
            stuList = ss.queryAll();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(mainframe.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(mainframe.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }
        
        displayOnTable(tb, stuList);
        
    }

    /**
     * This method is called from within the constructor to initialize the form.
     * WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this method is always
     * regenerated by the Form Editor.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    // <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code">                          
    private void initComponents() {

        jScrollPane1 = new javax.swing.JScrollPane();
        tb = new javax.swing.JTable();
        jLabel1 = new javax.swing.JLabel();
        tf_id = new javax.swing.JTextField();
        jLabel2 = new javax.swing.JLabel();
        tf_name = new javax.swing.JTextField();
        jLabel3 = new javax.swing.JLabel();
        tf_age = new javax.swing.JTextField();
        bu_add = new javax.swing.JButton();
        bu_delete = new javax.swing.JButton();
        bu_update = new javax.swing.JButton();

        setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setTitle("学生管理");

        tb.setModel(new javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel(
            new Object [][] {
                {null, null, null},
                {null, null, null},
                {null, null, null},
                {null, null, null}
            },
            new String [] {
                "序号", "姓名", "年龄"
            }
        ));
        tb.addMouseListener(new java.awt.event.MouseAdapter() {
            public void mouseClicked(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt) {
                tbMouseClicked(evt);
            }
        });
        jScrollPane1.setViewportView(tb);

        jLabel1.setText("ID");

        tf_id.setEnabled(false);

        jLabel2.setText("Name");

        jLabel3.setText("Age");

        tf_age.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
                tf_ageActionPerformed(evt);
            }
        });

        bu_add.setText("Add");
        bu_add.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
                bu_addActionPerformed(evt);
            }
        });

        bu_delete.setText("delete");
        bu_delete.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
                bu_deleteActionPerformed(evt);
            }
        });

        bu_update.setText("update");
        bu_update.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
                bu_updateActionPerformed(evt);
            }
        });

        javax.swing.GroupLayout layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(getContentPane());
        getContentPane().setLayout(layout);
        layout.setHorizontalGroup(
            layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
            .addGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.TRAILING, layout.createSequentialGroup()
                .addContainerGap(26, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                .addComponent(jScrollPane1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 366, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                .addGap(23, 23, 23))
            .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                .addGap(40, 40, 40)
                .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
                    .addComponent(jLabel1)
                    .addComponent(jLabel2)
                    .addComponent(jLabel3))
                .addGap(48, 48, 48)
                .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING, false)
                    .addComponent(tf_id, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 76, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                    .addComponent(tf_name)
                    .addComponent(tf_age))
                .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
                    .addComponent(bu_add)
                    .addComponent(bu_delete)
                    .addComponent(bu_update))
                .addGap(66, 66, 66))
        );
        layout.setVerticalGroup(
            layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
            .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                .addGap(18, 18, 18)
                .addComponent(jScrollPane1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 115, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                .addGap(41, 41, 41)
                .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE)
                    .addComponent(jLabel1)
                    .addComponent(tf_id, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addComponent(bu_add))
                .addGap(18, 18, 18)
                .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE)
                    .addComponent(jLabel2)
                    .addComponent(tf_name, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addComponent(bu_delete))
                .addGap(18, 18, 18)
                .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE)
                    .addComponent(jLabel3)
                    .addComponent(tf_age, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addComponent(bu_update))
                .addContainerGap(63, Short.MAX_VALUE))
        );

        pack();
    }// </editor-fold>                        

    private void bu_addActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {                                       
         // TODO add your handling code here:
         String name = tf_name.getText();
         String age = tf_age.getText();
         int agestu = Integer.parseInt(age);
         Student stu = new Student(0, name, agestu);
         int result = 0;
         try {
            result = ss.addstu(stu);
             
         } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
             Logger.getLogger(mainframe.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
         } catch (SQLException ex) {
             Logger.getLogger(mainframe.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
         }
         if(result == 1)
         {
             JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "add data success");
         }
         List<Student> qa = null;
         try {
             qa = ss.queryAll();
         } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
             Logger.getLogger(mainframe.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
         } catch (SQLException ex) {
             Logger.getLogger(mainframe.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
         }
         displayOnTable(tb, qa);
    }                                      

    private void tf_ageActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {                                       
        // TODO add your handling code here:
    }                                      

    private void tbMouseClicked(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt) {                                
         // TODO add your handling code here:
         int index = tb.getSelectedRow();
         Object id = tb.getValueAt(index, 0);
         Object name = tb.getValueAt(index, 1);
         Object age = tb.getValueAt(index, 2);
         
         tf_id.setText(id+"");
         tf_name.setText(name+"");
         tf_age.setText(age+"");
    }                               

    private void bu_deleteActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {                                          
         // TODO add your handling code here:
   
         try {
             String id = tf_id.getText();
             int idstu = Integer.parseInt(id);
             int result = ss.delstu(idstu);
             if(result == 1)
             {
                 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "delete data success");
             }
             
             List<Student> qa = ss.queryAll();
             displayOnTable(tb, qa);
             
         } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
             Logger.getLogger(mainframe.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
         } catch (SQLException ex) {
             Logger.getLogger(mainframe.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
         }
         
    }                                         

    private void bu_updateActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {                                          
         // TODO add your handling code here:
         String id = tf_id.getText();
         String name = tf_name.getText();
         String age = tf_age.getText();
         int idstu = Integer.parseInt(id);
         int agestu = Integer.parseInt(age);
         int result = 0;
         Student stu = new Student(idstu, name, agestu);
         try {
             result = ss.udstu(stu);
         } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
             Logger.getLogger(mainframe.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
         } catch (SQLException ex) {
             Logger.getLogger(mainframe.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
         }
         
        if(result == 1)
             {
                 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "update data success");
             }
             
             List<Student> qa = null;
         try {
             qa = ss.queryAll();
         } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
             Logger.getLogger(mainframe.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
         } catch (SQLException ex) {
             Logger.getLogger(mainframe.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
         }
             displayOnTable(tb, qa);
    }                                         

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        /* Set the Nimbus look and feel */
        //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Look and feel setting code (optional) ">
        /* If Nimbus (introduced in Java SE 6) is not available, stay with the default look and feel.
         * For details see http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/lookandfeel/plaf.html 
         */
        try {
            for (javax.swing.UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : javax.swing.UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels()) {
                if ("Nimbus".equals(info.getName())) {
                    javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(info.getClassName());
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(mainframe.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        } catch (InstantiationException ex) {
            java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(mainframe.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
            java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(mainframe.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        } catch (javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
            java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(mainframe.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }
        //</editor-fold>

        /* Create and display the form */
        java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                new mainframe().setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }

    // Variables declaration - do not modify                     
    private javax.swing.JButton bu_add;
    private javax.swing.JButton bu_delete;
    private javax.swing.JButton bu_update;
    private javax.swing.JLabel jLabel1;
    private javax.swing.JLabel jLabel2;
    private javax.swing.JLabel jLabel3;
    private javax.swing.JScrollPane jScrollPane1;
    private javax.swing.JTable tb;
    private javax.swing.JTextField tf_age;
    private javax.swing.JTextField tf_id;
    private javax.swing.JTextField tf_name;
    // End of variables declaration                   

    private void displayOnTable(JTable tb, List<Student> stuList) {
         //throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet."); //To change body of generated methods, choose Tools | Templates.
         DefaultTableModel model = (DefaultTableModel) tb.getModel();
         int rowCount = model.getRowCount();
         for(int i = 0;i<rowCount;i++)
         {
             model.removeRow(0);
         }
         
         for(Student s:stuList)
         {
             Vector v = new Vector();
             v.add(s.getId());
             v.add(s.getName());
             v.add(s.getAge());
             model.addRow(v);
         }
         
    
    }
}

在数据库表结构修改中,`ALTER TABLE` 是一个非常重要的命令,可以用于添加、修改或删除字段及约束。以下是针对 `student` 表的常见操作示例: ### 添加字段 若需向 `student` 表中添加新的字段,例如 `email` 和 `age`,可以使用如下 SQL 语句: ```sql ALTER TABLE student ADD email VARCHAR(255); ALTER TABLE student ADD age INT; ``` 如果希望添加字段时指定默认值或其它属性,例如 `email` 字段的默认值为 `'unknown@example.com'`,可以这样写: ```sql ALTER TABLE student ADD email VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT 'unknown@example.com'; ``` ### 修改字段 对于已经存在的字段,如果需要更改其数据类型或属性,可以使用 `ALTER COLUMN` 命令。例如,将 `email` 字段的数据类型从 `VARCHAR(255)` 更改为 `VARCHAR(100)`,可以执行以下命令: ```sql ALTER TABLE student ALTER COLUMN email VARCHAR(100); ``` 需要注意的是,当修改字段类型时,应确保现有数据能够与新的字段类型兼容[^2]。 ### 删除字段 若某个字段不再需要,可以通过 `DROP COLUMN` 操作将其从表中移除。例如,删除 `student` 表中的 `age` 字段,可以使用以下命令: ```sql ALTER TABLE student DROP COLUMN age; ``` ### 添加约束 为了保证数据的一致性和准确性,可以在表上添加各种约束。例如,为 `student` 表中的 `age` 字段添加一个检查约束,确保年龄值小于 150: ```sql ALTER TABLE student ADD CONSTRAINT CK_student_age CHECK (age < 150); ``` 若要添加外键约束,假设有一个 `enrollments` 表,其中包含指向 `student` 表的 `student_id` 字段的外键 `student_fk`,则可以这样操作: ```sql ALTER TABLE enrollments ADD CONSTRAINT student_fk FOREIGN KEY (student_id) REFERENCES student(student_id); ``` ### 删除约束 当不再需要某个约束时,可以通过 `DROP CONSTRAINT` 命令将其删除。例如,删除 `student` 表上的 `CK_student_age` 检查约束: ```sql ALTER TABLE student DROP CONSTRAINT CK_student_age; ``` 对于没有显式命名的约束,可能需要先查询系统表或视图以确定其名称,这取决于具体的数据库管理系统[^4]。 以上就是使用 `ALTER TABLE` 对 `student` 表进行添加、修改或删除字段及约束的基本方法。这些操作是数据库维护中的常见任务,正确使用可以帮助保持数据库结构的灵活性和数据的完整性。
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