synchronizedMap类采用装饰器模式,通过synchronized关键字将原有的Map类(如HashMap)方法进行同步,保证了多线程情况在访问该同步类时的串行化,从而保证了线程安全。这种方式实现较为简单,但是可伸缩性较低,当多个线程同时请求访问该同步容器类的对象时,效率较低。
ConcurrentHashMap类是为实现高并发而设计的类,它采用了分段锁的设计,从而使得多个线程在访问该Map的不同段的Entry时可以获取不同的锁,从而提高了伸缩性,效率相对同步容器类高。
public class ConcurrentHashMapTest {
static Object obj = new Object();
static Map<Object, Object> map1 = new ConcurrentHashMap<Object, Object>();
static Map<Object, Object> map2 = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Object, Object>());
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final int threadNum = 5;
Thread[] ts1 = new Thread[threadNum];
Thread[] ts2 = new Thread[threadNum];
for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {
Thread t1 = new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 999999; i++) {
map1.put(new Object(), obj);
}
}
};
ts1[i] = t1;
Thread t2 = new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 999999; i++) {
map2.put(new Object(), obj);
}
}
};
ts2[i] = t2;
}
computeTime(ts1, "ConcurrentHashMap");
computeTime(ts2, "synchronizedMap");
}
public static void computeTime(Thread[] ts, String mapName) throws InterruptedException {
long begin2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (Thread t : ts) {
t.start();
}
for (Thread t : ts) {
t.join();
}
System.out.println(mapName + "总共耗时:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - begin2));
}
}
结果:
ConcurrentHashMap总共耗时:1300
synchronizedMap总共耗时:2161