synchronizedMap和ConcurrentHashMap的区别

关于ConcurrentHashMap的知识这里不多说，大家可自行百度。

接下来主要说一下Collections类里的静态方法synchronizedMap（），入参有一个，需实现map接口。

Collections里有一个内部类SynchronizedMap，其中有两个常量：Map<k,v>类型的m，和Object类型的mutex（这个的作用就是加锁时用到）

调用synchronizedMap时，会返回一个类SynchronizedMap的实例。

下面附上内部类synchronizedMap的代码：

private static class SynchronizedMap<K,V>
    implements Map<K,V>, Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1978198479659022715L;

    private final Map<K,V> m;     // Backing Map
    final Object      mutex;        // Object on which to synchronize

    SynchronizedMap(Map<K,V> m) {
        this.m = Objects.requireNonNull(m);
        mutex = this;
    }

    SynchronizedMap(Map<K,V> m, Object mutex) {
        this.m = m;
        this.mutex = mutex;
    }

    public int size() {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.size();}
    }
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.isEmpty();}
    }
    public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.containsKey(key);}
    }
    public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.containsValue(value);}
    }
    public V get(Object key) {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.get(key);}
    }

    public V put(K key, V value) {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.put(key, value);}
    }
    public V remove(Object key) {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.remove(key);}
    }
    public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map) {
        synchronized (mutex) {m.putAll(map);}
    }
    public void clear() {
        synchronized (mutex) {m.clear();}
    }

    private transient Set<K> keySet;
    private transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;
    private transient Collection<V> values;

    public Set<K> keySet() {
        synchronized (mutex) {
            if (keySet==null)
                keySet = new SynchronizedSet<>(m.keySet(), mutex);
            return keySet;
        }
    }

    public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
        synchronized (mutex) {
            if (entrySet==null)
                entrySet = new SynchronizedSet<>(m.entrySet(), mutex);
            return entrySet;
        }
    }

    public Collection<V> values() {
        synchronized (mutex) {
            if (values==null)
                values = new SynchronizedCollection<>(m.values(), mutex);
            return values;
        }
    }

    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o)
            return true;
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.equals(o);}
    }
    public int hashCode() {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.hashCode();}
    }
    public String toString() {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.toString();}
    }

    // Override default methods in Map
    @Override
    public V getOrDefault(Object k, V defaultValue) {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.getOrDefault(k, defaultValue);}
    }
    @Override
    public void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action) {
        synchronized (mutex) {m.forEach(action);}
    }
    @Override
    public void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function) {
        synchronized (mutex) {m.replaceAll(function);}
    }
    @Override
    public V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.putIfAbsent(key, value);}
    }
    @Override
    public boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.remove(key, value);}
    }
    @Override
    public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.replace(key, oldValue, newValue);}
    }
    @Override
    public V replace(K key, V value) {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.replace(key, value);}
    }
    @Override
    public V computeIfAbsent(K key,
            Function<? super K, ? extends V> mappingFunction) {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.computeIfAbsent(key, mappingFunction);}
    }
    @Override
    public V computeIfPresent(K key,
            BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.computeIfPresent(key, remappingFunction);}
    }
    @Override
    public V compute(K key,
            BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.compute(key, remappingFunction);}
    }
    @Override
    public V merge(K key, V value,
            BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
        synchronized (mutex) {return m.merge(key, value, remappingFunction);}
    }

    private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream s) throws IOException {
        synchronized (mutex) {s.defaultWriteObject();}
    }
}

可以看到，该类所有的操作前都会获取mutex的锁，那么相比于ConcurrentHashMap，效率肯定比不上后者。后者锁的内容是一个hashentry，锁的粒度更小，并发程度更高，所以建议大家还是用后者吧。