1、增加git用户
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root@stu-system:/#useradd gitroot@stu-system:/#vim /etc/passwdgit:x:501:501::/home/git:/bin/bash/git-shellroot@stu-system:/sudo passwd git |
2、安装git和gitosis
依次运行一下命令进行安装,其中gitosis是git的权限管理工具
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sudo apt-get install gitsudo apt-get install openssh-serversudo apt-get install python2.6sudo apt-get install python-setuptoolsapt-get install gitosis |
3、git和gitosis配置
修改gitweb.conf
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vim /etc/gitweb.conf# path to git projects (<project>.git)$projectroot = "/home/git/repositories/"; |
依次运行以下命令,使用ssh-keygen生成密钥对SSH_KEY和SSH_KEY.pub,并初始化gitosis-admin.git库
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ssh-keygen -t rsasudo -H -u git gitosis-init <SSH_KEY.pub |
为/home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/hook/post-update增加执行权限
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chmod +x /home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/hook/post-update |
4、创建git新库的脚本
写了个脚本create-repo.sh方便创建新库,并解决了最后提到的一些问题;在给脚本文件加上执行权限后,只要执行“/home/git/create-repo.sh repo-name.git”即可完成新库创建,其中repo-name替换为新库名称。
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root@stu-system:/home/git# cat create-repo.sh#!/bin/bashif [ $# -ne 1 ];then echo "Usage: $0 repo-name" exitficd /home/git/repositories/mkdir $1.gitcd $1.gitgit initgit config --bool core.bare truecd ..chown -R git *chgrp -R git * |
5、使用gitosis进行git权限管理
使用git修改gitosis-admin.git库中的gitosis.conf文件,对应的用户公钥放在keydir文件夹中,公钥文件以“用户名.pub”命名,修改完后push回去就可以。提示:使用ssh key generator在Windows下生成的密钥放到gitosis-admin.git前需要在Linux用以下命令来将密钥转换为Linux下的格式。
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ssh-keygen -if 公钥文件名>新公钥文件名 |
实际上push到git主库后,gitosis.conf文件会被更新到/home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/gitosis.conf,这个才是真正生效的权限配置文件,如果通过git库改错了的话,可以在服务器上直接修改这个文件来解决。
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#vim /home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/gitosis.conf[gitosis]gitweb=yes[group admin]members = maple root@stu-system[group tech]members = @admin[group gitosis-admin]writable = gitosis-adminmembers = @admin[group test]writable = testmembers = @tech[group test-readonly]readonly = testmembers = maple2 |
6、各种问题
(1)出现’gitosis-admin’ does not appear to be a git repository,短路径无效时替换为全路径
在服务器上使用短路径会取现下面这个问题,原因是没有找到对应匹配的密钥所致,如果正确使用了ssh密钥则不会出现这个问题,这里就不去折腾了
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root@stu-system:/home/git/repositories# git clone git@127.0.0.1:gitosis-admin.gitCloning into gitosis-admin...git@127.0.0.1's password:fatal: 'gitosis-admin' does not appear to be a git repositoryfatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly |
使用以下命令解决,只不过每次push和pull的时候都需要输入一遍git用户的密码,略为繁琐
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git clone git@127.0.0.1:/home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git |
(2)出现Unable to create temporary file: Permission denied
在Windows上使用TortoiseGit执行Push时出现以下错误
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git.exe push --force --progress "origin" master:masterCounting objects: 189, done.Compressing objects: 100% (187/187)Writing objects: 7% (14/189)fatal: Unable to create temporary file: Permission deniedfatal: sha1 file '<stdout>' write error: Invalid argumenterror: failed to push some refs to 'git@10.73.4.46:channelv.git'git did not exit cleanly (exit code 1) |
原来是服务器上是用root账户建立的库目录,导致git账户无权写入,方法就是修改文件夹的所属用户和所属用户组
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root@stu-system:/home/git/repositories# chown -R git *root@stu-system:/home/git/repositories# chgrp -R git * |
(3)出现failed to push some refs to ‘git@10.73.4.46:channelv.git’
在Windows上使用TortoiseGit执行Push时出现以下错误
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git.exe push --progress "origin" master:masterCounting objects: 189, done.Compressing objects: 100% (158/158)Writing objects: 100% (189/189), 1016.00 KiB | 997 KiB/sWriting objects: 100% (189/189), 1.12 MiB | 997 KiB/s, done.remote: error: 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to 'refuse'.To git@10.73.4.46:channelv.git! [remote rejected] master -> master (branch is currently checked out)error: failed to push some refs to 'git@10.73.4.46:channelv.git'git did not exit cleanly (exit code 1) |
在服务器对应的库目录下执行以下命令增加配置即可
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git config --bool core.bare true |
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