第一视角的VIM菜鸟学习（二）

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-18 17:38:40 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2025-06-18 17:38:40 发布 · 599 阅读

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本文详细介绍如何配置Vim编辑器以提高编程效率。包括设置编码、语法高亮、自动缩进等，还提供了编译和运行多种编程语言的脚本。

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配置VIM使它更适合自己

你安装好vim之后会在目录下有一个vim的配置文件，叫做vimrc。linux在 /etc/vim/vimrc。我是windows在/Vim的根目录叫_vimrc

而且我发现还有一个文件叫vimrc_example既然如此我们就改他它算了。

对于我一句也看不懂。。。。。。

_vimrc文件内容：

set nocompatible
source $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim
source $VIMRUNTIME/mswin.vim
behave mswin

set diffexpr=MyDiff()
function MyDiff()
  let opt = '-a --binary '
  if &diffopt =~ 'icase' | let opt = opt . '-i ' | endif
  if &diffopt =~ 'iwhite' | let opt = opt . '-b ' | endif
  let arg1 = v:fname_in
  if arg1 =~ ' ' | let arg1 = '"' . arg1 . '"' | endif
  let arg2 = v:fname_new
  if arg2 =~ ' ' | let arg2 = '"' . arg2 . '"' | endif
  let arg3 = v:fname_out
  if arg3 =~ ' ' | let arg3 = '"' . arg3 . '"' | endif
  let eq = ''
  if $VIMRUNTIME =~ ' '
    if &sh =~ '\<cmd'
      let cmd = '""' . $VIMRUNTIME . '\diff"'
      let eq = '"'
    else
      let cmd = substitute($VIMRUNTIME, ' ', '" ', '') . '\diff"'
    endif
  else
    let cmd = $VIMRUNTIME . '\diff'
  endif
  silent execute '!' . cmd . ' ' . opt . arg1 . ' ' . arg2 . ' > ' . arg3 . eq
endfunctio

example：

" An example for a vimrc file.
"
" Maintainer:	Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
" Last change:	2008 Dec 17
"
" To use it, copy it to
"     for Unix and OS/2:  ~/.vimrc
"	      for Amiga:  s:.vimrc
"  for MS-DOS and Win32:  $VIM\_vimrc
"	    for OpenVMS:  sys$login:.vimrc

" When started as "evim", evim.vim will already have done these settings.
if v:progname =~? "evim"
  finish
endif

" Use Vim settings, rather than Vi settings (much better!).
" This must be first, because it changes other options as a side effect.
set nocompatible

" allow backspacing over everything in insert mode
set backspace=indent,eol,start

if has("vms")
  set nobackup		" do not keep a backup file, use versions instead
else
  set backup		" keep a backup file
endif
set history=50		" keep 50 lines of command line history
set ruler		" show the cursor position all the time
set showcmd		" display incomplete commands
set incsearch		" do incremental searching

" For Win32 GUI: remove 't' flag from 'guioptions': no tearoff menu entries
" let &guioptions = substitute(&guioptions, "t", "", "g")

" Don't use Ex mode, use Q for formatting
map Q gq

" CTRL-U in insert mode deletes a lot.  Use CTRL-G u to first break undo,
" so that you can undo CTRL-U after inserting a line break.
inoremap <C-U> <C-G>u<C-U>

" In many terminal emulators the mouse works just fine, thus enable it.
if has('mouse')
  set mouse=a
endif

" Switch syntax highlighting on, when the terminal has colors
" Also switch on highlighting the last used search pattern.
if &t_Co > 2 || has("gui_running")
  syntax on
  set hlsearch
endif

" Only do this part when compiled with support for autocommands.
if has("autocmd")

  " Enable file type detection.
  " Use the default filetype settings, so that mail gets 'tw' set to 72,
  " 'cindent' is on in C files, etc.
  " Also load indent files, to automatically do language-dependent indenting.
  filetype plugin indent on

  " Put these in an autocmd group, so that we can delete them easily.
  augroup vimrcEx
  au!

  " For all text files set 'textwidth' to 78 characters.
  autocmd FileType text setlocal textwidth=78

  " When editing a file, always jump to the last known cursor position.
  " Don't do it when the position is invalid or when inside an event handler
  " (happens when dropping a file on gvim).
  " Also don't do it when the mark is in the first line, that is the default
  " position when opening a file.
  autocmd BufReadPost *
    \ if line("'\"") > 1 && line("'\"") <= line("$") |
    \   exe "normal! g`\"" |
    \ endif

  augroup END

else

  set autoindent		" always set autoindenting on

endif " has("autocmd")

" Convenient command to see the difference between the current buffer and the
" file it was loaded from, thus the changes you made.
" Only define it when not defined already.
if !exists(":DiffOrig")
  command DiffOrig vert new | set bt=nofile | r # | 0d_ | diffthis
		  \ | wincmd p | diffthis
endi

好吧我们开始对他修改修改之前，先看看效果。

好吧没什么变化

这里提供一个范例

" An example for a vimrc file.
"
" Maintainer:	Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
" Last change:	2008 Dec 17
"
" To use it, copy it to
"     for Unix and OS/2:  ~/.vimrc
"	      for Amiga:  s:.vimrc
"  for MS-DOS and Win32:  $VIM\_vimrc
"	    for OpenVMS:  sys$login:.vimrc

" When started as "evim", evim.vim will already have done these settings.
if v:progname =~? "evim"
  finish
endif

" Use Vim settings, rather than Vi settings (much better!).
" This must be first, because it changes other options as a side effect.
set nocompatible

" allow backspacing over everything in insert mode
set backspace=indent,eol,start

if has("vms")
  set nobackup		" do not keep a backup file, use versions instead
else
  set backup		" keep a backup file
endif
set history=50		" keep 50 lines of command line history
set ruler		" show the cursor position all the time
set showcmd		" display incomplete commands
set incsearch		" do incremental searching

" For Win32 GUI: remove 't' flag from 'guioptions': no tearoff menu entries
" let &guioptions = substitute(&guioptions, "t", "", "g")

" Don't use Ex mode, use Q for formatting
map Q gq

" CTRL-U in insert mode deletes a lot.  Use CTRL-G u to first break undo,
" so that you can undo CTRL-U after inserting a line break.
inoremap <C-U> <C-G>u<C-U>

" In many terminal emulators the mouse works just fine, thus enable it.
if has('mouse')
  set mouse=a
endif

" Switch syntax highlighting on, when the terminal has colors
" Also switch on highlighting the last used search pattern.
if &t_Co > 2 || has("gui_running")
  syntax on
  set hlsearch
endif

" Only do this part when compiled with support for autocommands.
if has("autocmd")

  " Enable file type detection.
  " Use the default filetype settings, so that mail gets 'tw' set to 72,
  " 'cindent' is on in C files, etc.
  " Also load indent files, to automatically do language-dependent indenting.
  filetype plugin indent on

  " Put these in an autocmd group, so that we can delete them easily.
  augroup vimrcEx
  au!

  " For all text files set 'textwidth' to 78 characters.
  autocmd FileType text setlocal textwidth=78

  " When editing a file, always jump to the last known cursor position.
  " Don't do it when the position is invalid or when inside an event handler
  " (happens when dropping a file on gvim).
  " Also don't do it when the mark is in the first line, that is the default
  " position when opening a file.
  autocmd BufReadPost *
    \ if line("'\"") > 1 && line("'\"") <= line("$") |
    \   exe "normal! g`\"" |
    \ endif

  augroup END

else

  set autoindent		" always set autoindenting on

endif " has("autocmd")

" Convenient command to see the difference between the current buffer and the
" file it was loaded from, thus the changes you made.
" Only define it when not defined already.
if !exists(":DiffOrig")
  command DiffOrig vert new | set bt=nofile | r # | 0d_ | diffthis
		  \ | wincmd p | diffthis
endif

" 配色方案
colo evening 

"编码设置
set enc=utf-8
set fencs=utf-8,ucs-bom,shift-jis,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936

"设置菜单语言
set langmenu=zh_CN.UTF-8

"导入删除菜单脚本，删除乱码的菜单
source $VIMRUNTIME/delmenu.vim

"导入正常的菜单脚本
source $VIMRUNTIME/menu.vim

"设置提示信息语言
language messages zh_CN.utf-8

"字体设置
set guifont=Monaco:h12:cANSI

"语法高亮
set syntax=on

"自动缩进
set autoindent

"C语言方式缩进
set cindent

"智能缩进
set smartindent
"统一缩进为4
set softtabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4

"默认窗口大小
set lines=30 columns=82

"自动换行
set wrap

"整词换行
set linebreak

"显示行号
set number

"高亮显示匹配的括号
set showmatch

"搜索逐字符高亮和实时搜索
set hlsearch
set incsearch

"匹配括号高亮的时间（单位是十分之一秒）
set matchtime=5

"显示括号配对情况
set showmatch

"代码折叠
set fdm=indent

"选择代码折叠类型
set foldmethod=syntax

"禁止自动折叠
set foldlevel=100

"命令行（在状态行下）的高度，默认为1，这里是2
set cmdheight=2

"历史记录数
set history=1000

"侦测文件类型
filetype on

"为特定文件类型载入相关缩进格式
filetype indent on

"为特定的文件类型载入对应的插件
filetype plugin on
filetype plugin indent on

"不与vi兼容
set nocp

"vim目录树插件
map <F10> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>

"保存全局变量
set viminfo+=!

"带有如下符号的单词不要被换行分割
set iskeyword+=_,$,@,%,#,-

"字符间插入的像素行数目
set linespace=0

"增强模式中的命令行自动完成操作
set wildmenu

"PHP语法提示
autocmd FileType php set omnifunc=phpcomplete

"禁止生成临时文件
set nobackup
set noswapfile

"设置退格键可用
set backspace=2

"快捷键自定义
map <C-s> :w<CR>
imap <C-s> <C-o>:w<CR>

"隐藏工具栏，可用快捷键F2切换
"set guioptions-=T
"map <silent> <F2> :if &guioptions =~# ‘T’ <Bar>
"set guioptions-=T <Bar>
"else <Bar>
"set guioptions+=T <Bar>
"endif<CR>

"能够漂亮地显示.NFO文件
set encoding=utf-8
function! SetFileEncodings(encodings)
let b:myfileencodingsbak=&fileencodings
let &fileencodings=a:encodings
endfunction
function! RestoreFileEncodings()
let &fileencodings=b:myfileencodingsbak
unlet b:myfileencodingsbak
endfunction
au BufReadPre *.nfo call SetFileEncodings(‘cp437′)|set ambiwidth=single
au BufReadPost *.nfo call RestoreFileEncodings()
"F5编译和运行C程序，F6编译和运行C++程序
"C的编译和运行
map <F5> :call CompileRunGcc()<CR>
func! CompileRunGcc()
exec “w”
exec “!gcc -Wall % -o %<”
exec “! ./%<”
endfunc

"C++的编译和运行
map <F6> :call CompileRunGpp()<CR>
func! CompileRunGpp()
exec “w”
exec “!g++ -Wall % -o %<”
exec “! ./%<”
endfunc

"Gvim标签定制
set guitablabel=%{ShortTabLabel()}
function ShortTabLabel ()
let bufnrlist = tabpagebuflist (v:lnum)
let label = bufname (bufnrlist[tabpagewinnr (v:lnum) -1])
let filename = fnamemodify (label, ‘:t’)
return filename
endfunction

"######### 一键保存和编译 ######### “
"编译C源文件
func! CompileGcc()
exec “w”
let compilecmd=”!gcc -Wall -std=c99 ”
let compileflag=”-o %<”
exec compilecmd."% “.compileflag
endfunc

"编译C++源文件
func! CompileCpp()
exec “w”
let compilecmd=”!g++ -Wall ”
let compileflag=”-o %<”
exec compilecmd."% “.compileflag
endfunc

"编译&链接Go源文件
func! CompileGo()
exec “w”
exec “!8g %”
exec “!8l -o %<.exe %<.8″
endfunc

"编译Haskell源文件
func! CompileHaskell()
exec “w”
let compilecmd=”!ghc –make ”
let compileflag=”-o %<”
exec compilecmd."% “.compileflag
endfunc

"编译Java源文件
func! CompileJava()
exec “w”
exec “!javac %”
endfunc

"编译C#源文件
func! CompileCs()
exec “w”
exec “!csc %”
endfunc

"编译Gas源文件
func! CompileGas()
exec “w”
exec “!gcc -Wall -ggdb -o %< %”
endfunc

"运行Shell源文件
func! RunShell()
exec “w”
exec “!sh %”
endfunc

"运行Lua源文件
func! RunLua()
exec “w”
exec “!lua %”
endfunc

"运行Perl源文件
func! RunPerl()
exec “w”
exec “!perl %”
endfunc

"运行Python源文件
func! RunPython()
exec “w”
exec “!python %”
endfunc

"运行Ruby源文件
func! RunRuby()
exec “w”
exec “!ruby %”
endfunc

"根据文件类型自动选择相应的编译函数
func! CompileCode()
exec “w”
if &filetype == “c”
exec “call CompileGcc()”
elseif &filetype == “cpp”
exec “call CompileCpp()”
elseif &filetype == “go”
exec “call CompileGo()”
elseif &filetype == “haskell”
exec “call CompileHaskell()”
elseif &filetype == “java”
exec “call CompileJava()”
elseif &filetype == “cs”
exec “call CompileCs()”
elseif &filetype == “asm”
exec “call CompileGas()”
elseif &filetype == “sh”
exec “call RunShell()”
elseif &filetype == “lua”
exec “call RunLua()”
elseif &filetype == “perl”
exec “call RunPerl()”
elseif &filetype == “python”
exec “call RunPython()”
elseif &filetype == “ruby”
exec “call RunRuby()”
endif
endfunc

"运行可执行文件
func! RunResult()
exec “w”
if &filetype == “c”
exec “! %<”
elseif &filetype == “cpp”
exec “! %<”
elseif &filetype == “go”
exec “! %<”
elseif &filetype == “haskell”
exec “! %<”
elseif &filetype == “java”
exec “!java %<”
elseif &filetype == “cs”
exec “! %<”
elseif &filetype == “asm”
exec “! %<”
elseif &filetype == “sh”
exec “!sh %<.sh”
elseif &filetype == “lua”
exec “!lua %<.lua”
elseif &filetype == “perl”
exec “!perl %<.pl”
elseif &filetype == “python”
exec “!python %<.py”
elseif &filetype == “ruby”
exec “!ruby %<.rb”
endif
endfunc