JUC锁——CyclicBarrier_b - cyclic components-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/rubulai/article/details/83617738

CyclicBarrier简介

CyclicBarrier是一个同步辅助类，允许一组线程互相等待，直到到达某个公共屏障点 (common barrier point)。因为该 barrier 在释放等待线程后可以重用，所以称它为循环的 barrier。
CountDownLatch和CyclicBarrier的对比：
①CountDownLatch的作用是允许1或N个线程等待其他线程完成执行；而CyclicBarrier则是允许N个线程相互等待。
②CountDownLatch的计数器无法被重置；CyclicBarrier的计数器可以被重置后使用，因此它被称为是循环的barrier。

CyclicBarrier方法列表

CyclicBarrier(int parties)//创建一个新的 CyclicBarrier，它将在给定数量的参与者（线程）处于等待状态时启动，但它不会在启动 barrier 时执行预定义的操作
CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction)//创建一个新的 CyclicBarrier，它将在给定数量的参与者（线程）处于等待状态时启动，并在启动 barrier 时执行给定的屏障操作，该操作由最后一个进入 barrier 的线程执行
int await()//在所有参与者都已经在此 barrier 上调用 await 方法之前，将一直等待
int await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)//在所有参与者都已经在此屏障上调用 await 方法之前将一直等待,或者超出了指定的等待时间
int getNumberWaiting()//返回当前在屏障处等待的参与者数目
int getParties()//返回要求启动此 barrier 的参与者数目
boolean isBroken()//查询此屏障是否处于损坏状态
void reset()//将屏障重置为其初始状态

CyclicBarrier数据结构

CyclicBarrier的UML类图
CyclicBarrier包含了"ReentrantLock对象lock"和"Condition对象trip"，它是通过独占锁实现的。

CyclicBarrier源码分析

public class CyclicBarrier {
    /**
     * Each use of the barrier is represented as a generation instance.
     * The generation changes whenever the barrier is tripped, or
     * is reset. There can be many generations associated with threads
     * using the barrier - due to the non-deterministic way the lock
     * may be allocated to waiting threads - but only one of these
     * can be active at a time (the one to which <tt>count</tt> applies)
     * and all the rest are either broken or tripped.
     * There need not be an active generation if there has been a break
     * but no subsequent reset.
     */
    private static class Generation {
        boolean broken = false;
    }

    /** The lock for guarding barrier entry */
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    /** Condition to wait on until tripped */
    private final Condition trip = lock.newCondition();
    /** The number of parties */
    private final int parties;
    /* The command to run when tripped */
    private final Runnable barrierCommand;
    /** The current generation */
    private Generation generation = new Generation();

    /**
     * Number of parties still waiting. Counts down from parties to 0
     * on each generation.  It is reset to parties on each new
     * generation or when broken.
     */
    private int count;

    /**
     * Updates state on barrier trip and wakes up everyone.
     * Called only while holding lock.
     */
    private void nextGeneration() {
        // signal completion of last generation
        trip.signalAll();
        // set up next generation
        count = parties;
        generation = new Generation();
    }

    /**
     * Sets current barrier generation as broken and wakes up everyone.
     * Called only while holding lock.
     */
    private void breakBarrier() {
        generation.broken = true;
        count = parties;
        trip.signalAll();
    }

    /**
     * Main barrier code, covering the various policies.
     */
    private int dowait(boolean timed, long nanos)
        throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException,
               TimeoutException {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            final Generation g = generation;

            if (g.broken)
                throw new BrokenBarrierException();

            if (Thread.interrupted()) {
                breakBarrier();
                throw new InterruptedException();
            }

           int index = --count;
           if (index == 0) {  // tripped
               boolean ranAction = false;
               try {
                   final Runnable command = barrierCommand;
                   if (command != null)
                       command.run();
                   ranAction = true;
                   nextGeneration();
                   return 0;
               } finally {
                   if (!ranAction)
                       breakBarrier();
               }
           }

            // loop until tripped, broken, interrupted, or timed out
            for (;;) {
                try {
                    if (!timed)
                        trip.await();
                    else if (nanos > 0L)
                        nanos = trip.awaitNanos(nanos);
                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                    if (g == generation && ! g.broken) {
                        breakBarrier();
                        throw ie;
                    } else {
                        // We're about to finish waiting even if we had not
                        // been interrupted, so this interrupt is deemed to
                        // "belong" to subsequent execution.
                        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                    }
                }

                if (g.broken)
                    throw new BrokenBarrierException();

                if (g != generation)
                    return index;

                if (timed && nanos <= 0L) {
                    breakBarrier();
                    throw new TimeoutException();
                }
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new <tt>CyclicBarrier</tt> that will trip when the
     * given number of parties (threads) are waiting upon it, and which
     * will execute the given barrier action when the barrier is tripped,
     * performed by the last thread entering the barrier.
     *
     * @param parties the number of threads that must invoke {@link #await}
     *        before the barrier is tripped
     * @param barrierAction the command to execute when the barrier is
     *        tripped, or {@code null} if there is no action
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code parties} is less than 1
     */
    public CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction) {
        if (parties <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        this.parties = parties;
        this.count = parties;
        this.barrierCommand = barrierAction;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new <tt>CyclicBarrier</tt> that will trip when the
     * given number of parties (threads) are waiting upon it, and
     * does not perform a predefined action when the barrier is tripped.
     *
     * @param parties the number of threads that must invoke {@link #await}
     *        before the barrier is tripped
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code parties} is less than 1
     */
    public CyclicBarrier(int parties) {
        this(parties, null);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of parties required to trip this barrier.
     *
     * @return the number of parties required to trip this barrier
     */
    public int getParties() {
        return parties;
    }

    /**
     * Waits until all {@linkplain #getParties parties} have invoked
     * <tt>await</tt> on this barrier.
     *
     * <p>If the current thread is not the last to arrive then it is
     * disabled for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant until
     * one of the following things happens:
     * <ul>
     * <li>The last thread arrives; or
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
     * the current thread; or
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
     * one of the other waiting threads; or
     * <li>Some other thread times out while waiting for barrier; or
     * <li>Some other thread invokes {@link #reset} on this barrier.
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>If the current thread:
     * <ul>
     * <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
     * <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while waiting
     * </ul>
     * then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current thread's
     * interrupted status is cleared.
     *
     * <p>If the barrier is {@link #reset} while any thread is waiting,
     * or if the barrier {@linkplain #isBroken is broken} when
     * <tt>await</tt> is invoked, or while any thread is waiting, then
     * {@link BrokenBarrierException} is thrown.
     *
     * <p>If any thread is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while waiting,
     * then all other waiting threads will throw
     * {@link BrokenBarrierException} and the barrier is placed in the broken
     * state.
     *
     * <p>If the current thread is the last thread to arrive, and a
     * non-null barrier action was supplied in the constructor, then the
     * current thread runs the action before allowing the other threads to
     * continue.
     * If an exception occurs during the barrier action then that exception
     * will be propagated in the current thread and the barrier is placed in
     * the broken state.
     *
     * @return the arrival index of the current thread, where index
     *         <tt>{@link #getParties()} - 1</tt> indicates the first
     *         to arrive and zero indicates the last to arrive
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread was interrupted
     *         while waiting
     * @throws BrokenBarrierException if <em>another</em> thread was
     *         interrupted or timed out while the current thread was
     *         waiting, or the barrier was reset, or the barrier was
     *         broken when {@code await} was called, or the barrier
     *         action (if present) failed due an exception.
     */
    public int await() throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException {
        try {
            return dowait(false, 0L);
        } catch (TimeoutException toe) {
            throw new Error(toe); // cannot happen;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Waits until all {@linkplain #getParties parties} have invoked
     * <tt>await</tt> on this barrier, or the specified waiting time elapses.
     *
     * <p>If the current thread is not the last to arrive then it is
     * disabled for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant until
     * one of the following things happens:
     * <ul>
     * <li>The last thread arrives; or
     * <li>The specified timeout elapses; or
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
     * the current thread; or
     * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
     * one of the other waiting threads; or
     * <li>Some other thread times out while waiting for barrier; or
     * <li>Some other thread invokes {@link #reset} on this barrier.
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>If the current thread:
     * <ul>
     * <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
     * <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while waiting
     * </ul>
     * then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current thread's
     * interrupted status is cleared.
     *
     * <p>If the specified waiting time elapses then {@link TimeoutException}
     * is thrown. If the time is less than or equal to zero, the
     * method will not wait at all.
     *
     * <p>If the barrier is {@link #reset} while any thread is waiting,
     * or if the barrier {@linkplain #isBroken is broken} when
     * <tt>await</tt> is invoked, or while any thread is waiting, then
     * {@link BrokenBarrierException} is thrown.
     *
     * <p>If any thread is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
     * waiting, then all other waiting threads will throw {@link
     * BrokenBarrierException} and the barrier is placed in the broken
     * state.
     *
     * <p>If the current thread is the last thread to arrive, and a
     * non-null barrier action was supplied in the constructor, then the
     * current thread runs the action before allowing the other threads to
     * continue.
     * If an exception occurs during the barrier action then that exception
     * will be propagated in the current thread and the barrier is placed in
     * the broken state.
     *
     * @param timeout the time to wait for the barrier
     * @param unit the time unit of the timeout parameter
     * @return the arrival index of the current thread, where index
     *         <tt>{@link #getParties()} - 1</tt> indicates the first
     *         to arrive and zero indicates the last to arrive
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread was interrupted
     *         while waiting
     * @throws TimeoutException if the specified timeout elapses
     * @throws BrokenBarrierException if <em>another</em> thread was
     *         interrupted or timed out while the current thread was
     *         waiting, or the barrier was reset, or the barrier was broken
     *         when {@code await} was called, or the barrier action (if
     *         present) failed due an exception
     */
    public int await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException,
               BrokenBarrierException,
               TimeoutException {
        return dowait(true, unit.toNanos(timeout));
    }

    /**
     * Queries if this barrier is in a broken state.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if one or more parties broke out of this
     *         barrier due to interruption or timeout since
     *         construction or the last reset, or a barrier action
     *         failed due to an exception; {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean isBroken() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return generation.broken;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Resets the barrier to its initial state.  If any parties are
     * currently waiting at the barrier, they will return with a
     * {@link BrokenBarrierException}. Note that resets <em>after</em>
     * a breakage has occurred for other reasons can be complicated to
     * carry out; threads need to re-synchronize in some other way,
     * and choose one to perform the reset.  It may be preferable to
     * instead create a new barrier for subsequent use.
     */
    public void reset() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            breakBarrier();   // break the current generation
            nextGeneration(); // start a new generation
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of parties currently waiting at the barrier.
     * This method is primarily useful for debugging and assertions.
     *
     * @return the number of parties currently blocked in {@link #await}
     */
    public int getNumberWaiting() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return parties - count;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

CyclicBarrier是通过ReentrantLock(独占锁)和Condition来实现的。下面，分析一下CyclicBarrier中核心函数: 构造函数和等待函数。
1、构造函数
CyclicBarrier的构造函数共2个：CyclicBarrier 和 CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction)。第1个构造函数是调用第2个构造函数来实现的，第2个构造函数的源码：

public CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction) {
    if (parties <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    // parties表示“必须同时到达barrier的线程个数”
    this.parties = parties;
    // count表示“处在等待状态的线程个数”
    this.count = parties;
    // barrierCommand表示“parties个线程到达barrier时，会执行的动作”
    this.barrierCommand = barrierAction;
}

2、等待函数
CyclicBarrier.java中await()方法如下：

public int await() throws InterruptedException,BrokenBarrierException {
    try {
        return dowait(false, 0L);
    } catch (TimeoutException toe) {
        throw new Error(toe); // cannot happen;
    }
}

说明：await()是通过dowait()实现的

private int dowait(boolean timed, long nanos) throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException,TimeoutException {
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    // 获取“独占锁(lock)”
    lock.lock();
    try {
        // 保存“当前的generation”
        final Generation g = generation;

        // 若“当前generation已损坏”，则抛出异常
        if (g.broken)
            throw new BrokenBarrierException();

        // 如果当前线程被中断，则通过breakBarrier()终止CyclicBarrier，唤醒CyclicBarrier中所有等待线程
        if (Thread.interrupted()) {
            breakBarrier();
            throw new InterruptedException();
        }

       // 将“count计数器”-1
       int index = --count;
       // 如果index=0，则意味着“有parties个线程到达barrier”
       if (index == 0) {  // tripped
           boolean ranAction = false;
           try {
               // 如果barrierCommand不为null，则执行该动作
               final Runnable command = barrierCommand;
               if (command != null)
                   command.run();
               ranAction = true;
               // 唤醒所有等待线程，并更新generation
               nextGeneration();
               return 0;
           } finally {
               if (!ranAction)
                   breakBarrier();
           }
       }

        // 当前线程一直阻塞，直到“有parties个线程到达barrier” 或 “当前线程被中断” 或 “超时”这3者之一发生，当前线程才继续执行。
        for (;;) {
            try {
                // 如果不是“超时等待”，则调用awati()进行等待；否则，调用awaitNanos()进行等待
                if (!timed)
                    trip.await();
                else if (nanos > 0L)
                    nanos = trip.awaitNanos(nanos);
            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                // 如果等待过程中，线程被中断，则执行下面的函数
                if (g == generation && ! g.broken) {
                    breakBarrier();
                    throw ie;
                } else {
                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                }
            }

            // 如果“当前generation已经损坏”，则抛出异常
            if (g.broken)
                throw new BrokenBarrierException();

            // 如果“generation已经换代”，则返回index
            if (g != generation)
                return index;

            // 如果是“超时等待”，并且时间已到，则通过breakBarrier()终止CyclicBarrier，唤醒CyclicBarrier中所有等待线程
            if (timed && nanos <= 0L) {
                breakBarrier();
                throw new TimeoutException();
            }
        }
    } finally {
        // 释放“独占锁(lock)”
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

说明：dowait()的作用就是让当前线程阻塞，直到“有parties个线程到达barrier” 或 “当前线程被中断” 或 “超时”这3者之一发生，当前线程才继续执行。
① generation是CyclicBarrier的一个成员属性，它的定义如下：

private Generation generation = new Generation();

private static class Generation {
    boolean broken = false;
}

在CyclicBarrier中，同一批的线程属于同一代，即同一个Generation；CyclicBarrier中通过generation对象，记录属于哪一代。当有parties个线程到达barrier，generation就会被更新换代；
②如果当前线程被中断，即Thread.interrupted()为true；则通过breakBarrier()终止CyclicBarrier。breakBarrier()的源码如下：

private void breakBarrier() {
    generation.broken = true;
    count = parties;
    trip.signalAll();
}

breakBarrier()会设置当前中断标记broken为true，意味着“将该Generation中断”；同时，设置count=parties，即重新初始化count；最后，通过signalAll()唤醒CyclicBarrier上所有的等待线程；
③将“count计数器”-1，即–count；然后判断是不是“有parties个线程到达barrier”，即index是不是为0。当index=0时，如果barrierCommand不为null，则执行该barrierCommand，barrierCommand就是我们创建CyclicBarrier时，传入的Runnable对象。然后，调用nextGeneration()进行换代工作，nextGeneration()的源码如下：

private void nextGeneration() {
    trip.signalAll();
    count = parties;
    generation = new Generation();
}

首先，它会调用signalAll()唤醒CyclicBarrier上所有的等待线程；接着，重新初始化count；最后，更新generation的值；
④在for(;;)循环中，timed是用来表示当前是不是“超时等待”线程。如果不是，则通过trip.await()进行等待；否则，调用awaitNanos()进行超时等待。

CyclicBarrier的使用示例

示例1：新建5个线程，这5个线程达到一定的条件时，它们才继续往后运行

import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;

public class CyclicBarrierTest1 {

    private static int SIZE = 5;
    private static CyclicBarrier cb;
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        cb = new CyclicBarrier(SIZE);

        // 新建5个任务
        for(int i=0; i<SIZE; i++)
            new InnerThread().start();
    }

    static class InnerThread extends Thread{
        public void run() {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " wait for CyclicBarrier.");

                // 将cb的参与者数量加1
                cb.await();

                // cb的参与者数量等于5时，才继续往后执行
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " continued.");
            } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

//结果
Thread-1 wait for CyclicBarrier.
Thread-2 wait for CyclicBarrier.
Thread-3 wait for CyclicBarrier.
Thread-4 wait for CyclicBarrier.
Thread-0 wait for CyclicBarrier.
Thread-0 continued.
Thread-4 continued.
Thread-2 continued.
Thread-3 continued.
Thread-1 continued.

结果说明：主线程中新建了5个线程，所有的这些线程都调用cb.await()而被阻塞等待。这些线程一直等待，直到cb中所有线程都到达barrier(barrier满)时，这些线程才继续运行(类似于水坝当水位上升至一个危险高度时，才开闸放水)。

示例2：新建5个线程，当这5个线程达到一定的条件时，执行某项任务

import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;

public class CyclicBarrierTest2 {

    private static int SIZE = 5;
    private static CyclicBarrier cb;
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        cb = new CyclicBarrier(SIZE, new Runnable () {
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("CyclicBarrier's parties is: "+ cb.getParties());
            }
        });

        // 新建5个任务
        for(int i=0; i<SIZE; i++)
            new InnerThread().start();
    }

    static class InnerThread extends Thread{
        public void run() {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " wait for CyclicBarrier.");

                // 将cb的参与者数量加1
                cb.await();

                // cb的参与者数量等于5时，才继续往后执行
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " continued.");
            } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

//结果
Thread-1 wait for CyclicBarrier.
Thread-2 wait for CyclicBarrier.
Thread-3 wait for CyclicBarrier.
Thread-4 wait for CyclicBarrier.
Thread-0 wait for CyclicBarrier.
CyclicBarrier's parties is: 5
Thread-0 continued.
Thread-4 continued.
Thread-2 continued.
Thread-3 continued.
Thread-1 continued.