mokito详解三

Mockito 1.8.5+新特性解析：@Captor、@Spy与验证优化

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-13 00:12:57 发布

RenYiChan

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-13 00:12:57 发布

阅读量2.5k

点赞数

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/renyibb/article/details/52240666

本文详细介绍了Mockito从1.8.5版本开始引入的新特性，包括@Captor用于捕获泛型参数避免警告，@Spy用于创建部分模拟对象，@InjectMocks配合@Spy实现自动注入，超时验证，成员变量的自动注入，一行式存根，以及对mock和spy对象的便捷验证方法。此外，还提及了Mockito从1.10.12版本起支持抽象类的mock和spy，并提供了自定义错误描述以改进失败时的反馈信息。

睡醒了，接着来

新的注解（since 1.8.5)@Captor, @Spy, @InjectMocks

@Captor当捕获是一个严重的泛型类的参数和你想避免编译器警告

 public class Test{

    @Captor ArgumentCaptor<AsyncCallback<Foo>> captor;

    @Before
    public void init(){
       MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test public void shouldDoSomethingUseful() {
       //...
       verify(mock).doStuff(captor.capture());
       assertEquals("foo", captor.getValue());
    }
 }

@Spy - 你可以用来替换掉 spy(Object).
@InjectMocks - 自动注入mock对象，或者注入spy成员变量中

@InjectMocksye也可以配合@Spy一起使用，意味着mockito会将mock注入到部分模拟测试中

public class ArticleManagerTest extends SampleBaseTestCase {

       @Mock private ArticleCalculator calculator;
       @Mock(name = "database") private ArticleDatabase dbMock; // note the mock name attribute
       @Spy private UserProvider userProvider = new ConsumerUserProvider();

       @InjectMocks private ArticleManager manager;

       @Test public void shouldDoSomething() {
           manager.initiateArticle();
           verify(database).addListener(any(ArticleListener.class));
       }
   }

   public class SampleBaseTestCase {

       @Before public void initMocks() {
           MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
       }
   }

超时验证（since 1.8.5）

 //passes when someMethod() is called within given time span
   verify(mock, timeout(100)).someMethod();
   //above is an alias to:
   verify(mock, timeout(100).times(1)).someMethod();

   //passes when someMethod() is called *exactly* 2 times within given time span
   verify(mock, timeout(100).times(2)).someMethod();

   //passes when someMethod() is called *at least* 2 times within given time span
   verify(mock, timeout(100).atLeast(2)).someMethod();

   //verifies someMethod() within given time span using given verification mode
   //useful only if you have your own custom verification modes.
   verify(mock, new Timeout(100, yourOwnVerificationMode)).someMethod();

成员变量的自动注入（since 1.9.0）
mokito会尝试着初始化@Spy里面的@InjectMocks 变量，通过构造方法，set方法或者变量注入


 //instead:
 @Spy BeerDrinker drinker = new BeerDrinker();
 //you can write:
 @Spy BeerDrinker drinker;

 //same applies to @InjectMocks annotation:
 @InjectMocks LocalPub;

one-liner stubs

 public class CarTest {
   Car boringStubbedCar = when(mock(Car.class).shiftGear()).thenThrow(EngineNotStarted.class).getMock();

   @Test public void should... {}

mokito允许你在创建mock对象的时候subbing，允许你在一行code里面创建stub，这样能够是代码看上去更加简洁

mock对象的校验（since 1.9.5)


     Mockito.mockingDetails(someObject).isMock();
     Mockito.mockingDetails(someObject).isSpy();

方法返回boolean值，校验一个对象是否是mock or spy对象

抽象类的mock or spy(since 1.10.12）

 //convenience API, new overloaded spy() method:
 SomeAbstract spy = spy(SomeAbstract.class);

 //Robust API, via settings builder:
 OtherAbstract spy = mock(OtherAbstract.class, withSettings()
    .useConstructor().defaultAnswer(CALLS_REAL_METHODS));

 //Mocking a non-static inner abstract class:
 InnerAbstract spy = mock(InnerAbstract.class, withSettings()
    .useConstructor().outerInstance(outerInstance).defaultAnswer(CALLS_REAL_METHODS));

校验错误的描述信息（since 2.0.0)
// will print a custom message on verification failure
verify(mock, description(“This will print on failure”)).someMethod();

// will work with any verification mode
verify(mock, times(2).description(“someMethod should be called twice”)).someMethod();