"The application has failed to start because its side-by-side configuration is incorrect."

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本文介绍了一款使用Visual Studio 2008开发的exe程序在Windows Server 2008 R2上遇到的运行问题及解决办法。通过使用sxstrace.exe进行跟踪发现，缺少必要的Microsoft.VC90.CRT组件导致程序无法启动，最终通过安装vcredist得以解决。

背景：

前段时间写了一个exe程序，一直以来运行在xp，server 2003上面，都运行良好。最近需要把它重新部署到一台新的server上面，是Windows server 2008 R2 Standard版，不想却一直不能正常运行。

症状：

当双击运行程序时，弹出错误窗口，如下：

打开 Event Viewer，错误信息如下：

Activation context generation failed for "C:/xxx/xxxxx/xxx.exe". Dependent Assembly Microsoft.VC90.CRT,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="9.0.21022.8" could not be found. Please use sxstrace.exe for detailed diagnosis.

继续，用sxstrace.exe 来跟踪错误：

1. 开始运行

C:/Windows/system32>sxstrace.exe trace -logfile:c:/mytrace.etl
Tracing started. Trace will be saved to file c:/mytrace.etl.
Press Enter to stop tracing...

2. 双击应用程序，重现错误

3. 关闭上面运行的sxstrace.exe

4. 导出错误信息

C:/Windows/system32>sxstrace.exe parse -logfile:c:/mytrace.etl -outfile:c:/mytrace.txt
Parsing log file c:/mytrace.etl...
Parsing finished! Output saved to file c:/mytrace.txt.

错误信息如下：

=================
Begin Activation Context Generation.
Input Parameter:
    Flags = 0
    ProcessorArchitecture = Wow32
    CultureFallBacks = en-US;en
    ManifestPath = C:/xxx/xxxxx/xxx.exe
    AssemblyDirectory = C:/xxx/xxxxx/
    Application Config File =
-----------------
INFO: Parsing Manifest File C:/xxx/xxxxx/xxx.exe.
    INFO: Manifest Definition Identity is (null).
    INFO: Reference: Microsoft.VC90.CRT,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="9.0.21022.8"
    INFO: Reference: Microsoft.VC90.MFC,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="9.0.21022.8"
INFO: Resolving reference Microsoft.VC90.CRT,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="9.0.21022.8".
    INFO: Resolving reference for ProcessorArchitecture WOW64.
        INFO: Resolving reference for culture Neutral.
            INFO: Applying Binding Policy.
                INFO: No publisher policy found.
                INFO: No binding policy redirect found.
            INFO: Begin assembly probing.
                INFO: Did not find the assembly in WinSxS.
                INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:/Windows/assembly/GAC_32/Microsoft.VC90.CRT/9.0.21022.8__1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b/Microsoft.VC90.CRT.DLL.
                INFO: Did not find manifest for culture Neutral.
            INFO: End assembly probing.
    INFO: Resolving reference for ProcessorArchitecture x86.
        INFO: Resolving reference for culture Neutral.
            INFO: Applying Binding Policy.
                INFO: No publisher policy found.
                INFO: No binding policy redirect found.
            INFO: Begin assembly probing.
                INFO: Did not find the assembly in WinSxS.
                INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:/Windows/assembly/GAC_32/Microsoft.VC90.CRT/9.0.21022.8__1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b/Microsoft.VC90.CRT.DLL.
                INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:/carryquote/ServiceSHFE/Microsoft.VC90.CRT.DLL.
                INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:/carryquote/ServiceSHFE/Microsoft.VC90.CRT.MANIFEST.
                INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:/carryquote/ServiceSHFE/Microsoft.VC90.CRT/Microsoft.VC90.CRT.DLL.
                INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:/carryquote/ServiceSHFE/Microsoft.VC90.CRT/Microsoft.VC90.CRT.MANIFEST.
                INFO: Did not find manifest for culture Neutral.
            INFO: End assembly probing.
    ERROR: Cannot resolve reference Microsoft.VC90.CRT,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="9.0.21022.8".
ERROR: Activation Context generation failed.
End Activation Context Generation.

解决：

首先，C:/Windows/winsxs/Manifests 文件夹下面只有 x86_microsoft.vc90.mfc_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.1_none_dcc7eae99ad0d9cf 的 manifest 和 cat文件，但是没有找到 x86_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.21022.8_none_bcb86ed6ac711f91 的 cat 和 manifest 文件。

所以可能是由于服务器中并没有安装关于 vs2008 的相关组件，所以产生上述错误。

从microsoft 官网下载 vcredist 程序，安装之后，一切OK。

http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?familyid=9B2DA534-3E03-4391-8A4D-074B9F2BC1BF&displaylang=en