django-15-序列化器2

一、反向关系的序列化

官网：https://q1mi.github.io/Django-REST-framework-documentation/api-guide/relations/#reverse-relations

讲解：

1、在models.py文件中，在模型中设置related_name参数，如 StudentDetails 和 Courses；

2、在serializers.py文件，将其字段显示的添加到字段列表中，如：StudentsSerializer

3、在序列化器中，定义 depth 参数

from django.db import models


# Create your models here.

class Students(models.Model):
    CHOICES = [
        ('1', '男'),
        ('2', '女'),
        ('3', '未知')
    ]

    name = models.CharField(help_text='学生名称', verbose_name='学生名称', max_length=20)
    age = models.IntegerField(help_text='学生年龄', verbose_name='学生年龄', null=False)
    sex = models.CharField(help_text='性别', verbose_name='性别', choices=CHOICES, max_length=5)
    qq = models.CharField(help_text='qq号', verbose_name='qq号', null=True, blank=True, max_length=10)
    phone = models.CharField(help_text='手机号', verbose_name='手机号', null=True, blank=True, max_length=11)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    # 设置外键，建立关联关系
    channel = models.ForeignKey('Channels', on_delete=models.PROTECT, null=True)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'tb_students'
        verbose_name = '学生表'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        db_table_comment = '学生表'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Channels(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(help_text='渠道名称', verbose_name='渠道名称', max_length=20)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'tb_channels'
        verbose_name = '渠道表'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        db_table_comment = '渠道表'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class StudentDetails(models.Model):
    """学生详情表"""
    city = models.CharField(help_text='城市', verbose_name='城市', max_length=20, null=True, blank=True)
    company = models.CharField(help_text='公司', verbose_name='公司', max_length=20, null=True, blank=True)
    station = models.CharField(help_text='部门', verbose_name='部门', max_length=20, null=True, blank=True)
    student = models.OneToOneField('Students',
                                   related_name='s1', help_text='学生id', verbose_name='学生id', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.student.name

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'tb_student_detail'
        verbose_name = "学生详情表"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        db_table_comment = "学生详情表"


class Courses(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(help_text='部门', verbose_name='部门', max_length=20)
    students = models.ManyToManyField('Students', through='Entry', related_name='s2')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'tb_courses'
        verbose_name = '课程'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Entry(models.Model):
    courses = models.ForeignKey('Courses', on_delete=models.PROTECT)
    students = models.ForeignKey('Students', on_delete=models.PROTECT)
    c_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

class StudentsSerializer(ModelSerializer):  #
    channelss = serializers.CharField(source='channel.title')

    # courses = serializers.StringRelatedField(many=True, source='courses_set')

    # studentDetailss = NestStudentsSerializer(source='studentDetail')

    class Meta:
        model = Students
        # fields = '__all__'
        depth = 3
        fields = ['id', 'channelss', 's1', 's2', 'name', 'age']

二、常用命令

# 创建超级管理员账号
python .\manage.py createsuperuser

序列化器的工作流程：

 

待补充：

自定义权限：

1、视图级权限：has_permission(self, request, view)

2、对象级权限：has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj)

三、明确指定序列化字段

前言：https://q1mi.github.io/Django-REST-framework-documentation/api-guide/serializers_zh/#_22

核心：额外的字段可以对应模型上任何属性或可调用的方法如下：

class StudentDetail(models.Model):
    STATION_CHOICES = [
        ('功能测试工程师', '功能测试工程师'),
        ('自动化测试工程师', '自动化测试工程师'),
        ('测试开发工程师', '测试开发工程师'),
        ('测试组长', '测试组长'),
        ('测试经理', '测试经理')
    ]
    student = models.OneToOneField('Student', verbose_name='学生', help_text='学生', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    city = models.CharField(help_text='城市', verbose_name='城市', null=True, blank=True, max_length=20)
    station = models.CharField('岗位', choices=STATION_CHOICES, max_length=10, default='功能测试工程师',
                               help_text='岗位')

  	# 新写了一个方法或属性，然后在serializer文件中调用
    @property
    def student_name(self):
        return self.student.name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.student.name

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'tb_student_detail'
        verbose_name = '学生详情表'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

在下面的文件中 fields = ['id', 'student', 'city', 'station', 'student_name']，

新加了一个student_name字段，它会自动在模型中查找该属性或者方法，默认为只读

class StudentDetailSerializer(ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:
        model = StudentDetail
        fields = ['id', 'student', 'city', 'station', 'student_name']
        extra_kwargs = {
            'student': {
                'write_only': True
            }
        }