一、概念区分

二、路由转发过程
直连路由转发

三、静态路由(课堂演示)

去往同一目的地路由,来源相同,开销相同,优先级不同,下一跳不同

四、实践

二、实验要求
1.除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.0/24,其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分;
2.R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口,模拟PC,地址也在192.168.1.0/24网络内;
3.R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由,但依然可以访问;
4.全网可达,尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量,避免环路;
5.R4与R5间,正常1000M链路通信,故障时自动改为100M;
三、步骤
(1)划分网段:
网段基于192.168.1.0/24 需要五个网段
1、192.168.1.0000 0000/27 划分给几个路由器组成的大网段需要六个
192.168.1.0000 0000---192.168.1.0/30
192.168.1.0000 0100---192.168.1.4/30
192.168.1.0000 1000---192.168.1.8/30
192.168.1.0000 1100---192.168.1.12/30
192.168.1.0001 0000---192.168.1.16/30
192.168.1.0001 0100---192.168.1.20/30
(192.168.1.0001 1000---192.168.1.24/30
192.168.1.0001 1100---192.168.1.28)多余的
2、192.168.1.0010 0000/27 R1环回 再划分俩
192.168.1.0010 0000/28
192.168.1.0011 0000/28
3、192.168.1.0100 0000/27 R2环回
192.168.1.0100 0000/28
192.168.1.0101 0000/28
4、192.168.1.0110 0000/27 R3环回
192.168.1.0110 0000/28
192.168.1.0111 0000/28
5、192.168.1.1000 0000/27 R4环回
192.168.1.1000 0000/28
192.168.1.1001 0000/28
(6、192.168.1.1010 0000/27
7、192.168.1.1100 0000/27
8、192.168.1.1110 0000/27)多余的
- 分配ip地址
[R1]:int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R1]int LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28
[R1-LoopBack0]quit
[R1]int LoopBack 1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28
<R1>save
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R2]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R2]int loopback 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28
[R2-LoopBack0]quit
[R2]int loopback 1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28
<R2>save
[R3]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.6 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.13 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R3]int loopback 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28
[R3-LoopBack0]quit
[R3]int loopback 1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.113 28
<R3>save
[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R4]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R4]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[R4]int g4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30
[R4]quit
[R4]int loopback 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28
[R4-LoopBack0]quit
[R4]int loopback 1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28
<R4>save
[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R5]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.22 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R5]int loopback 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24
[R5-LoopBack0]quit
[R5]quit
<R5>save
编写除了5.5.5.0/24之外,到达其他网段的静态路由
- 给R1配静态路由
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
给R2配
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
给R3配
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14
给R4配
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
给R5配
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
配置缺省路由
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22
实现5.5.5.0/24互通以及测试
Ping 5.5.5.5
防环,做黑洞路由配置
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32.27 null0
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 null0
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 null0
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 null0
更改路由器优先级
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.196 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
测试
[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown
[R1]tracert 5.5.5.5