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本文介绍了Smartmontools这款硬盘检测工具，它利用SMART技术监控硬盘健康状况，包括磁头、电机等组件，并展示了smartctl命令行的使用方法，以及如何检查和设置SMART支持和自检功能。

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Smartmontools是什么

Smartmontools是一种硬盘检测工具，通过控制和管理硬盘的SMART(Self Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology，自动检测分析及报告技术)实现。

SMART 可以对硬盘的磁头单元、盘片电机驱动系统、硬盘内部电路以及盘片表面介质材料等进行监测。

SMART 必须在主板支持的前提下才能发生作用，而且SMART技术也不能保证能预报所有可能发生的硬盘故障。

smartctl是什么

smartctl是一个用于监测和分析硬盘健康状态的工具，可以用于检测是否存在坏的磁盘。

1.下载

yum install -y smartmontools

用法

[root@master ~]# smartctl -h
smartctl 7.0 2018-12-30 r4883 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

Usage: smartctl [options] device

============================================ SHOW INFORMATION OPTIONS =====

  -h, --help, --usage
         Display this help and exit

  -V, --version, --copyright, --license
         Print license, copyright, and version information and exit

  -i, --info
         Show identity information for device

  --identify[=[w][nvb]]
         Show words and bits from IDENTIFY DEVICE data                (ATA)

  -g NAME, --get=NAME
        Get device setting: all, aam, apm, dsn, lookahead, security,
        wcache, rcache, wcreorder, wcache-sct

  -a, --all
         Show all SMART information for device

  -x, --xall
         Show all information for device

  --scan
         Scan for devices

  --scan-open
         Scan for devices and try to open each device

================================== SMARTCTL RUN-TIME BEHAVIOR OPTIONS =====

  -j, --json[=[cgiosuv]]
         Print output in JSON format

  -q TYPE, --quietmode=TYPE                                           (ATA)
         Set smartctl quiet mode to one of: errorsonly, silent, noserial

  -d TYPE, --device=TYPE
         Specify device type to one of:
         ata, scsi[+TYPE], nvme[,NSID], sat[,auto][,N][+TYPE], usbcypress[,X], usbjmicron[,p][,x][,N], usbprolific, usbsunplus, sntjmicron[,NSID], intelliprop,N[+TYPE], marvell, areca,N/E, 3ware,N, hpt,L/M/N, megaraid,N, aacraid,H,L,ID, cciss,N, auto, test

  -T TYPE, --tolerance=TYPE                                           (ATA)
         Tolerance: normal, conservative, permissive, verypermissive

  -b TYPE, --badsum=TYPE                                              (ATA)
         Set action on bad checksum to one of: warn, exit, ignore

  -r TYPE, --report=TYPE
         Report transactions (see man page)

  -n MODE[,STATUS], --nocheck=MODE[,STATUS]                           (ATA)
         No check if: never, sleep, standby, idle (see man page)

============================== DEVICE FEATURE ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS =====

  -s VALUE, --smart=VALUE
        Enable/disable SMART on device (on/off)

  -o VALUE, --offlineauto=VALUE                                       (ATA)
        Enable/disable automatic offline testing on device (on/off)

  -S VALUE, --saveauto=VALUE                                          (ATA)
        Enable/disable Attribute autosave on device (on/off)

  -s NAME[,VALUE], --set=NAME[,VALUE]
        Enable/disable/change device setting: aam,[N|off], apm,[N|off],
        dsn,[on|off], lookahead,[on|off], security-freeze,
        standby,[N|off|now], wcache,[on|off], rcache,[on|off],
        wcreorder,[on|off[,p]], wcache-sct,[ata|on|off[,p]]

======================================= READ AND DISPLAY DATA OPTIONS =====

  -H, --health
        Show device SMART health status

  -c, --capabilities                                            (ATA, NVMe)
        Show device SMART capabilities

  -A, --attributes
        Show device SMART vendor-specific Attributes and values

  -f FORMAT, --format=FORMAT                                          (ATA)
        Set output format for attributes: old, brief, hex[,id|val]

  -l TYPE, --log=TYPE
        Show device log. TYPE: error, selftest, selective, directory[,g|s],
        xerror[,N][,error], xselftest[,N][,selftest], background,
        sasphy[,reset], sataphy[,reset], scttemp[sts,hist],
        scttempint,N[,p], scterc[,N,M], devstat[,N], defects[,N], ssd,
        gplog,N[,RANGE], smartlog,N[,RANGE], nvmelog,N,SIZE

  -v N,OPTION , --vendorattribute=N,OPTION                            (ATA)
        Set display OPTION for vendor Attribute N (see man page)

  -F TYPE, --firmwarebug=TYPE                                         (ATA)
        Use firmware bug workaround:
        none, nologdir, samsung, samsung2, samsung3, xerrorlba, swapid

  -P TYPE, --presets=TYPE                                             (ATA)
        Drive-specific presets: use, ignore, show, showall

  -B [+]FILE, --drivedb=[+]FILE                                       (ATA)
        Read and replace [add] drive database from FILE
        [default is +/etc/smartmontools/smart_drivedb.h
         and then    /usr/share/smartmontools/drivedb.h]

============================================ DEVICE SELF-TEST OPTIONS =====

  -t TEST, --test=TEST
        Run test. TEST: offline, short, long, conveyance, force, vendor,N,
                        select,M-N, pending,N, afterselect,[on|off]

  -C, --captive
        Do test in captive mode (along with -t)

  -X, --abort
        Abort any non-captive test on device

=================================================== SMARTCTL EXAMPLES =====

  smartctl --all /dev/sda                    (Prints all SMART information)

  smartctl --smart=on --offlineauto=on --saveauto=on /dev/sda
                                              (Enables SMART on first disk)

  smartctl --test=long /dev/sda          (Executes extended disk self-test)

  smartctl --attributes --log=selftest --quietmode=errorsonly /dev/sda
                                      (Prints Self-Test & Attribute errors)
  smartctl --all --device=3ware,2 /dev/sda
  smartctl --all --device=3ware,2 /dev/twe0
  smartctl --all --device=3ware,2 /dev/twa0
  smartctl --all --device=3ware,2 /dev/twl0
          (Prints all SMART info for 3rd ATA disk on 3ware RAID controller)
  smartctl --all --device=hpt,1/1/3 /dev/sda
          (Prints all SMART info for the SATA disk attached to the 3rd PMPort
           of the 1st channel on the 1st HighPoint RAID controller)
  smartctl --all --device=areca,3/1 /dev/sg2
          (Prints all SMART info for 3rd ATA disk of the 1st enclosure
           on Areca RAID controller)

2.查找磁盘设备名称

[root@master ~]# fdisk -l

磁盘 /dev/sda：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000b0f72

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    41943039    19921920   8e  Linux LVM

磁盘 /dev/sdb：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0xca408843

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    12584959     6291456   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2        12584960    23070719     5242880   83  Linux
/dev/sdb3        23070720    29362175     3145728   83  Linux

磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：18.2 GB, 18249416704 字节，35643392 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节


磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：2147 MB, 2147483648 字节，4194304 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节

查看磁盘是否支持smart

[root@master ~]# smartctl -i /dev/sda
smartctl 7.0 2018-12-30 r4883 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Vendor:               VMware,
Product:              VMware Virtual S
Revision:             1.0
User Capacity:        21,474,836,480 bytes [21.4 GB]
Logical block size:   512 bytes
Device type:          disk
Local Time is:        Tue Aug  8 12:58:30 2023 CST
SMART support is:     Unavailable - device lacks SMART capability.

vmware虚拟机的硬盘不支持SMART。

运行smartctl检查磁盘

[root@master ~]# smartctl -a  /dev/sda
smartctl 7.0 2018-12-30 r4883 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Vendor:               VMware,
Product:              VMware Virtual S
Revision:             1.0
User Capacity:        21,474,836,480 bytes [21.4 GB]
Logical block size:   512 bytes
Device type:          disk
Local Time is:        Tue Aug  8 13:00:10 2023 CST
SMART support is:     Unavailable - device lacks SMART capability.

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
Current Drive Temperature:     0 C
Drive Trip Temperature:        0 C

Error Counter logging not supported

Device does not support Self Test logging