<think>我们正在讨论的是如何在Scrapy框架中集成Playwright来实现动态网页爬取。
根据用户提供的引用[1]，其中展示了使用Playwright进行爬虫的基本代码结构，包括启动浏览器、禁止加载图片、访问URL并获取页面内容等操作。
用户现在想了解Scrapy Playwright爬虫的使用方法和相关案例。
在Scrapy中，我们可以通过`scrapy-playwright`库来集成Playwright。这个库提供了Scrapy中间件，用于处理Playwright的页面加载和请求。
使用步骤：
1. 安装必要的库：scrapy, scrapy-playwright, playwright
2. 初始化Playwright：在项目中安装Playwright的浏览器（通常会自动完成）
3. 配置Scrapy项目，启用Playwright中间件
4. 编写爬虫，定义请求和处理响应的回调函数
具体配置：
- 在`settings.py`中启用Playwright中间件，并设置一些选项（如是否使用无头模式等）
- 在爬虫中，可以通过`meta`字典来指定使用Playwright，以及传递额外的Playwright参数（如设置处理路由的函数）
案例：一个简单的示例爬虫，使用Scrapy和Playwright来获取动态加载的内容。
注意：在Scrapy中使用Playwright时，我们通常不需要像用户提供的引用代码那样手动管理浏览器的生命周期，因为中间件会处理这些。
下面将提供一个基本的使用示例。
</think>### Scrapy与Playwright集成指南
Scrapy是成熟的异步爬虫框架，Playwright支持多浏览器自动化，二者结合可高效处理动态网页。以下是核心使用方法和案例：
---
### 一、基础配置方法
1. **安装依赖**
```bash
pip install scrapy scrapy-playwright
playwright install # 安装浏览器驱动
```
2. **启用Playwright中间件**
在`settings.py`中添加：
```python
DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS = {
"http": "scrapy_playwright.handler.ScrapyPlaywrightDownloadHandler",
"https": "scrapy_playwright.handler.ScrapyPlaywrightDownloadHandler",
}
TWISTED_REACTOR = "twisted.internet.asyncioreactor.AsyncioSelectorReactor"
```
3. **在爬虫中启动浏览器**
```python
import scrapy
from scrapy_playwright.page import PageMethod
class DynamicSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'dynamic_spider'
def start_requests(self):
yield scrapy.Request(
url="https://example.com",
meta={
"playwright": True,
"playwright_page_methods": [
PageMethod("wait_for_selector", ".loaded-content"), # 等待元素加载
],
},
callback=self.parse
)
async def parse(self, response):
html = response.text # 获取完整渲染后的HTML
# 提取数据...
```
---
### 二、关键功能实现
#### 1. 资源过滤（优化性能）
```python
meta = {
"playwright": True,
"playwright_page_methods": [...],
"playwright_include_page": True, # 必需
"playwright_context_kwargs": {
"java_script_enabled": False, # 禁用JS
},
"playwright_page_init_script": """
(route) => {
if (route.request().resource_type() === 'image')
route.abort();
else
route.continue_();
}
""",
}
```
#### 2. 页面交互（点击/滚动）
```python
PageMethod("click", "button#load-more"),
PageMethod("evaluate", "window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)"),
```
#### 3. 上下文复用（提速）
```python
# settings.py
PLAYWRIGHT_CONTEXTS = {
"persistent": { # 命名上下文
"user_agent": "Mozilla/5.0...",
"ignore_https_errors": True,
}
}
# 爬虫中调用
meta = {
"playwright_context": "persistent", # 复用上下文
}
```
---
### 三、实战案例：爬取动态电商页面
```python
class EcommerceSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'ecommerce'
def start_requests(self):
yield scrapy.Request(
url="https://ecommerce-site.com/products",
meta={
"playwright": True,
"playwright_page_methods": [
PageMethod("wait_for_selector", ".product-card"),
PageMethod("click", "a[data-role='load-more']"), # 点击加载更多
PageMethod("wait_for_timeout", 2000), # 等待2秒
],
"playwright_page_init_script": """
(route) => route.abort()
if (['image','stylesheet'].includes(route.request().resourceType()))
""",
}
)
async def parse(self, response):
for product in response.css(".product-card"):
yield {
"name": product.css("h3::text").get(),
"price": product.attrib["data-price"]
}
```
---
### 四、常见问题解决
1. **内存泄漏**
在`custom_settings`中限制并发：
```python
custom_settings = {
"PLAYWRIGHT_MAX_CONTEXTS": 4, # 限制浏览器实例数
}
```
2. **反爬绕过**
```python
meta = {
"playwright_context_kwargs": {
"user_agent": "随机UA生成器()", # 使用fake_useragent库
"proxy": {"server": "http://proxy-ip:port"}
},
}
```
3. **异步处理技巧**
```python
# 在回调中使用async def
async def parse(self, response):
page = response.meta["playwright_page"]
await page.screenshot(path="page.png") # 异步截屏
```
---
### 引用说明
Scrapy-Playwright官方文档提供了完整的API参考和最佳实践[^1]，建议结合Playwright的Python API文档进行深度定制开发。
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