Composition_to be specific, 撖寡情 a make(s) up the largest propo-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_58016159/article/details/142371191

大纲

英一大纲考生应该能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等，以及一般描述性、记叙性、说明性、或议论性文章。

A节：考生根据所给的情景写出约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。共10分。 B节：考生根据提示信息写出一篇160-200词的短文（标点符号不计算在内）。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定场景、图、表等。共20分。

图画作文分类：

正面现象：图画反映出一个正面的社会、文化、生活现象或者正面积极向上的品质。
负面现象：图画反映出一个负面的社会、文化、生活现象。
中立话题：图画展示的话题，可以正面也可以负面，考生可以从利弊角度或正反或多方角度分析。

英二大纲

考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应短文写作。中心思想明确切题意、结构清晰、条理楚用词恰当无明显语言错误。

A节：考生根据所给的情景写出约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。共10分。 B节：要求考生根据所给的场景或给出的提纲，写出一篇150词左右的英语说明文或议论文。提供场景的形式为图片、图表或文字。共15分。

图表作文类型

动态图表：图表能反映出一个变化的趋势
静态图表：图表能反映出所占总数的比例

常见错误

单词错误：

1、单词量匮乏，重复使用

think：guess,assume,claim,insist,consider,hold the view,commit to the notion,in my eyes,in my opinion,in my view,in my mind,from my personal point of view,from my perspective,as far as I can see

important: vital,essential, indispensable,play a key role in..., of great importance is this,this is important,this is very important,this is of great importance

different: various,a wide variety of,(views) vary from person to person(观点因人而异)

2、编造词汇

3、搭配不当

4、拼写错误

句子错误：

1、句子不完整

2、句子不连贯

3、句子不简洁

语法错误

1、名词单复数问题

2、冠词使用问题

3、主谓一致问题

4、时态一致问题

作文以现在时为主，也可以用进行时来描述图画，憧憬未来用将来时，过去时用于举例或者图表描述中。

5、词性误用问题

6、句法错误问题

7、比较级误用问题

8、并列结构不一致问题

9、中文思维问题

结构错误

1、缺少连词

2、句子间逻辑关系不清

3、随意分段

内容错误

1、抓住个别细节进行错误引申

2、不够客观全面，过于偏激

3、提纲规定的内容漏写

4、论述空洞宽泛

主题句讲解

正面话题中：什么什么是最重要的

高分句式：

of great importance is this(倒装)
Nothing is more important than this(比较)
importance should be attached to this（被动）
this is not noly important, but indispensable as well.(并列句)

负面话题中：什么什么是有害的

高分句式：

of extreme harm is this(倒装)
Nothing is more harmful than this(比较)
detriment should be labelled to this（被动）
this is not noly harmful, but damaging as well.(并列句)

中立话题中：什么什么的利与弊共存

高分句式：

... to be a double-edged sword
everything has two sides, ... is no exception
the pros of ... coexist with the cons of that. (The pros of technology coexist with the cons of that.（技术的优点与它的缺点共存。）)

例题

1、没有什么比合作更重要了

Nothing is more important than cooperation

2、毅力不仅必须，而且必不可少

Strong will is not only necessary, but indispensable as well.

3、缺乏自信心是有害的

of extreme harmful is a lack of confidence.

4、游客的不恰当行为不仅有害，而且损害极大。

The action of tourist is not only harmful, but also damaing.

5、网络是一把双刃剑

The internet is a double-edged sword.

The internet tends to be a double-edged sword.

6、手机在发展中国家和发达国家的快速增长

Everything has two sides, Mobile-phone is no exception.

五大基本句型

1、主谓=主语+不及物动词

例子：你的努力已经得到了回报

your effort has been rewarded/paid off.

S1: 识别成分你的努力（主语）/已经得到了（谓语）/回报（宾语）。

S2: 确认成分(主语确定单复数，谓语主语时态语态) 努力：effort n. hard work endeavor vt./vi/n. attempt vt./n. make great efforts 获得：obtain v. obtain a chance 获得机会 gain v. gain benefits 获得利益 achieve v. achieve success 获得成功 achieve a goal 实现目标 get v. get+形容词：变得……取得成功 pay off得到好结果

S3: 连词成句 Your efforts have paid off. Your hard work has paid off.

例子：他曾经失败了无数次

he had failed/had come to nothing/had not succeed in achieving his goal/had not been able to achieve his goal conutless times.

例子：我写这封信是为了代表班委会通知你们一次义卖。

I am wrtting this letter on behalf of the class committee to inform you of/about a charity sale（sell只有动词词性）.

2、主谓宾=主语+及物动词+宾语

例子：今年夏天你可以到访中国。

you could visit/pay a visit to China in this summer.

例子：研究生会已经设立了筹备委员会来组织本次会议

Postgraduate's Association has founded a preparation committee to organise the conference/meeting.

例子：这个饼状图展示了中国某城市居民在春节的时候不同的消费分配情况

The pie chart shows the different consumption distributions of citizens in a certain city in China during the Spring Festival.

The pie chart above presents the different shares of residents’ consumption in a Chinese city during Spring Festival.

The pie chart above presents the different shares of redidents' consumption in a certain city in China during the Spring Festival.

(主语：饼状图谓语：展示宾语：居民消费分配情况状语：中国某城市、春节期间定语：不同的、)

3、主谓双宾＝主语＋及物动词(vt.) ＋两个宾语（人＋物）例句：另一方面，它为我们生动描述了在他努力过程中的许多困难和际遇。

On the other hand, it vividly describes to us the many difficulties and opportunities in his efforts.

On the other hand, it vividly presents to us the numerous challenges and opportunities in his hard work.

For another, it gives us a vivid description of many difficulties and incidents during his efforts.

例句：我们一起游览的历史遗址和博物馆给我留下了深刻的印象。

The historical sites and museums that we visited together left a deep impression on me.

The historical relics and museums which we toured together made a profound impression on me.

The historical sites and museums visited by us together have left me a profound impression.

例句: 柱状图展示了国产汽车、日系汽车和美系汽车在 2008 年和 2009 年的不同市场份额。

The histogram shows the different market shares of domestic cars, Japanese cars, and American cars in 2008 and 2009.

The column chart presents the distinct market proportions of domestic automobiles, Japanese vehicles, and American cars in 2008 and 2009.

The bar chart shows us the market shares of Chinese cars, Japanese cars and American cars in the year 2008 and 2009 in China.

4、主谓宾补＝主语＋及物动词(vt.) ＋宾语＋宾语的补足语（宾补）例句1：你会发现这些建议有用。

You will find that these suggestionsare useful.(有一个tips：advice不可数)

You will find these proposals helpful.

（suggestion advice proposal recommendation tip hint counsel guidance opinion input)

例句2：这段新旅程可能会帮助你发现新的自己。

This new journey could help you discover yourself in unknown field.

The new journey may help you find a new person in yourself.

例句3：只有这样，我们才能让世界丰富多彩。(强调时，我们可以将状语丢前面然后主谓倒装)

Only in this way can we make the world colorful.

Only by doing so can we make the world wonderful.

5.主系表＝主语＋系动词＋表语例句1：会议期间, 志愿者必须保证至少3天的服务时间

During the conference, volunteers must guarantee at least three days of service time.

Volunteers shall be available for at least 3 days during the conference.

例句2：在你的新旅程中，你可能会同时感到既兴奋又紧张。

During your new journey, you may feel both thrilled and nervous.(both...and...)

On your new journey, you may feel excited but nervous at the same time.

复杂高分句型

1、倒装句(副词提前，主谓部分倒装)

示例：只有这些措施才能做某事

Only with these measures taken can we do sth.

Only in this way can we do sth.

2、虚拟语气

• 归纳总结句（-）：情况如此危急，是时候采取措施解决…的问题了。 The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took effective and efficient measures to solve the problem of … .

例句：情况如此危急，是时候采取措施解决环境污染的问题了。

The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took effective and efficient measures to solve the problem of environmental pullotion.

“it is high time that we took...”是一个固定句型，其中“took”是过去式，这是一种虚拟语气的用法，表示“是时候做某事了”，但实际上并没有真正发生。这种用法强调了采取行动的紧迫性和必要性。

• 意义强调句：如果没有这样的事情，我们无法做某事。

Were there no such thing, never could we do sth..

例句：如果没有爱心，我们无法体会到幸福。

Were there no love, never could we feel happiness.

如果…的情况继续恶化，将会付出昂贵代价。 Were the situation of … to continue, we would pay a high price.

3、as 引导让步结构

• 图画总结句：尽管图画简单，但寓意像海一样深刻。 Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.

4、when 引导时间状语从句省略

When at the age of 6, my father began to teach me English. X

When I was at the age of 6，

At the age of 6,

When引导时间状语从句时，有时可以省略主语和 be 动词，使句子更加简洁。例如：

When (I was) in Beijing, I visited the Great Wall.（当我在北京时，我参观了长城。）

When (he was) asked about the accident, he remained silent.（当他被问到事故时，他保持沉默。）

需要注意的是，这种省略只适用于主语和 be 动词与主句主语相同的情况。如果主语不同，则不能省略。例如：

5、比较级与否定式 = 最高级

• 引出例子：除了下面这个，我找不到更好的例子了。 I can think of no better example than the following one(s). • 引出原因：除了下面这个，我找不到更好的理由了。 I can think of no better reason than the following one(s).

作文开头

一、开头段结构梳理

开头段	引出图表	图表描述	图表总结
中间段	具体意义	意义阐述	意义总结
结尾段	归纳评论/预测趋势	建议措施	憧憬未来

二、开头段句型讲解以及真题演练

（一）引出图表

a. 图表展现出了关于……的信息 The chart presents/provides information/data about……(主题词)

b.图表比较了A和B The chart compares A with B The chart compares the numbers/number of A with those/that of B

c.图表展现了……如何变化 The chart shows how ……changes（in……）

d.如图所示，……（主题词）发生了巨大的变化 The chart given above depicts that some noticable changes occurred/took place with regard to（关于）……（主题词）

e.这幅图表清晰地反映了……数据 This chart clearly reflects the statistics of ……

（二）图表描述

图表类型分类：

静态图：整体（主题词）、局部（具体数据）、突出点（最大最小最明显）

动态图：整体（话题引起，引出图表）、局部（上升下降不变）、突出（gap差额）

静态图描述 1.上面的饼状图由A、B、C 和D 组成。 The pie chart above consists of A, B, C and D. 由... 组成： consist of be composed of

be comprised of

2.具体而言，具体对象的比例/份额是(占）X%。 To be specific , the percentage/proportion/share of 具体对象 is/account for X %. 具体而言： specifically speaking , to be specific 比例份额：percentage, proportion , share 占比： account for, represent

3.A 占比...(数字），这是所有类别中的最大或最小。 A account for ...( 数字） , which is the largest/ smallest proportion of all categories. 最显著：the most obvious

动态图描述

整体：—— 引出图表句（可以参考） 1.图表展现岀了关于…（主题词）的信息。 The chart presents/provides information/data about ...（主题词）.

2.图表比较了A 和B The chart compares A with B . The chart compares the numbers/number of A with those/that of B.

3.图表展现了…如何变化。 The chart shows how ... changes （in ...某方面）.

4.如图所示，……（主题词）发生了巨大的变化。 The chart given above depicts that some noticeable changes occurred/took place with regard to ...住题词）.

5.这幅图表清晰地反映了...的数据。 This chart clearly reflects the statistics of....

局部：

1.如表所示，...（主题词）的数据变化。 As is indicated in the chart, the number of 主题+ 变化+ 程度+ 范围

number --> figure, amount, percentage, proportion share 份额
变化：谓语（be 动词，动词）
- 上升：increase, rise, grow, ascend --> 过去式：increased, rose, grew, ascended
- 下降：decrease, decline, diminish, fall, descend --> 过去式：decreased, declined, diminished , fell, descended
程度：5S---从轻到重
- slightly, 轻微地
- slowly, 缓慢地
- steadily, 稳步地
- significantly, 显著地
- sharply 陡然地
范围：从起点到终点： From 起点数字 to 终点数字
- 从1990 年到2000 年 from 1990 to 2000
- 从1 到10 from 1 to 10
- 从1990 年的1到2000 年的10 from 1 in 1990 to 10 in 2000
- 从1990 年的1900 到2000 年的1990 from 1900 in the year of 1990 to 1990 in the year of 2000（这一点很重要，描述准确的数字变化）

2.图表在A 到C 这一时间内，… （主题词）有x%的增长/下降。 There was an increase / a decline of x% in ...（主题词）during the period A to C.

3.根据图表，我们能发现主题词从某年的某数据增加/减少到某年的某数据。 According to the chart, we can see/notice that the number of 主题词 increased/decreased from 数据 in 年份 to 数据 in 年份。

4.....的数据维持稳定在... 【时间变化，但数字没变】 The numbers of... remain steady at....

5.波状图：尽管（主题词）的数字波动不定,但总趋势上升的/下降的。【变动太频繁】 Although the number of... varies, the whole tendency tends to be increasing/decreasing.

变化波动: vary
总趋势：whoe tendency
上升的：increasing, upward
下降的：decreasing, downward

如果是两组数据，怎么办？

分开描述图表，图表描述之间用关联词衔接，找两组数据的关系。

数据一描述。关联词，数据二描述。

通用：And, meanwhile 于此同时
相同：近似地是likewise, similarly ,
递进: furthermore, moreover, what’s more; even worse, more importantly ,
相反：转折 but, yet, however, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, ironically, regrettably

突出：

1、图表中最显著的特点是A 和B 之间在XX 年的巨大差距，前者呈现急剧上升，而后者在给定时期内相对稳定。

The most obvious feature of the chart is the significant gap between A and B in the year of XX, with the former showing a sharp rise and the latter remaining relatively stable during the given period.

2、图表显示，A 和B 之间存在较大的差别自从XX 年，前者经历了快速增长阶段，而后者在一段时间内仅有轻微波动。

From the chart, it can be seen that there exists a considerable difference between A and B since XX, with the former experiencing a rapid growth rate and the latter undergoing a slight fluctuation over the course of time.

3、根据所给数据，A 和B 之间的差异在XX 年最大，前者有较为显著的下降趋势，而后者则相对稳定地呈现上升趋势。

According to the data presented, the biggest variation occurs between A and B in XX, with the former exhibiting a substantial decline and the latter showing a slight increase during the specified timeframe.

（三）图表总结 1.尽管数据看似抽象，但寓意深刻。 Abstract as the graph seems to be, the meaning behind it is as deep as the ocean. 2.作者想要告诉我们的不只是数据。 What the author strives to tell us is more than statistics. 3.作者想要告诉我们的真的只是这些吗？当然不是了。 Is that what the author tries to tell us? Certainly not. 4.尽管有些抽象，但是图表背后却又一个更深刻的含义。 Despite a little abstract, there is a deeper connotation behind the graph.

图表作文开头段总结（重点）

线性图

第一种：单线上升

1、引出主题：线状图反映了A主题的信息

2、图标描述：具体而言 To be more specific / Specifically speaking，A的数据从1990的1上升到2000年的50

3、图表总结：事实上，作者真正告诉我们的不只是数字

①the line chart provides information about A.

②to be specific, the number of A increased from 1990 to 2000, ranging from 1 to 50/ specially speaking, the number of A increased from 1 in 1990 to 50 in 2000

③As a matter of fact, what the author tries to show us is more than statistics

第二种：单线下降

1、线状图反映了A 主题的信息。

2、具体而言To be (more) specific / Specifically speaking，A 的数据从1990 的50 下降到2000 年的1.

3、事实上，作者真正要告诉我们的不只是数字。

①The line chart provides information about A.

②to be specific, the number of A decreased from 50 in 1990 to 1 in 2000.

③as a matter of fact, what the author tries to show us is more than statistics.

第三种：两线同时上升

1、线状图比较了A 和B。

2、具体而言，A 的数据从1990 的1 缓慢地上升到2000 年的10 。

3、然而，B 的数据从5 显著地上升到100 同一时期during the same period 。

4、尽管数字看似孤立，但紧密联系。

①The line chart provides information about A and B.

②To be specific, the number of A increased slightly from 1 in 1990 to 10 in 2010.

③Yet, the figure of B rose significantly from 5 to 100 during the same period.

④Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

第四种：两个单线同时下降

线状图比较了A 和B。

具体而言，A 的数据从1990 的10 缓慢地下降到2000 年的1 。

然而，B 的数据从100 显著地下降到5 同一时期during the same period 。

尽管数字看似孤立，但紧密联系。

The line chart provides information about A and B.

To be specific, the number of A decreased slightly from 10 in 1990 to 1 in 2010.

Yet, the figure of B fall significantly from 100 to 5 during the same period.

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

第五种：两个线一上升一下降（C 不变）

1、线状图呈现了A，B 和C 的数据。

2、具体而言，A 的数据从1990 年的1 显著上升到2000 年的100.

3、然而，B 的数据从100 陡然下降到1，同一时期。

4、与此同时，C 保持在50.

5、尽管数字孤立，但紧密联系。

The line chart presents the information about A, B and C.

To be specific, the numbers of A increase significantly from 1 in 1990 to 100 in 2000.

Yet, the numbers of B decrease sharply from 100 to 1 during the same period.

Meanwhile, the number of C remains steady at 50.

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

第六种：一上一下一波浪

1、线状图呈现了A， B 和C 的数据。

2、具体而言，A 的数据从1990 的1 猛烈上升到2000 年的500.

3、然而，B 的数据从50 稳步下降到10 同一时期。

4、与此同时，尽管C 的数据变化不定，但总趋势是上升的。

5、尽管数字孤立，但紧密联系。

The line chart provides information about A, B and C.

To be specific, the number of A increases sharply from 1 in 1990 to 500 in 2000.

Yet, the number of B decreases from 50 to 10 during the same period.

Meanwhile, although the number of C varies, the whole tendency tends to be increasing/upward.

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

柱状图

第一种：同一变量在不同时间段的变化

(1) 写法一

1、该柱状图展示了主题词从1990 年到2010 年的变化。The chart shows how …changes.

2、具体而言， A 的数字在1990 年是5.

3、然而，A 的数字从2000 年的10 显著上升到2010 年的100.

4、尽管数字孤立，但紧密联系。

The bar chart shows how A changed from 1990 to 2010.

To be specific, the number of A was 5 in 1990.

Yet, the number of A increased significantly from 10 in 2000 to 100 in 2010.

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

(2) 写法二：

1、该柱状图展示了主题词从1990 年到2010 年的变化。 The chart shows how …changes.

2、具体而言，A 的数字从1990 的5 缓慢上升到2000 年的10.

3、然而，它猛然上升到2010 年的100.

4、尽管数字孤立，但紧密联系。

The bar chart shows how A changed from 1990 to 2010.

To be specific, the number of A increased slowly from 5 in 1990 to 10 in 2000.

Yet, the number of A increased sharply to 100 in 2010.

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

(3) 写法三：

1、柱状图展示了A 如何变化。

2、具体而言，A 的数字从1990 年的5 缓慢地上升到2000 年的10，在此之后（after which）它陡然上升到2010 年的100.

3、尽管数字孤立，但紧密联系。

The bar chart shows how A changed from 1990 to 2010.

To be specific, the number of A increased slowly from 5 in 1990 to 10 in 2000, after which it rose sharply to 100 in 2010.

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

第二种：同一变量不同时期下降

1、柱状图展示了A 如何变化。

2、具体而言，A 的数字从1990 年的100 陡然下降到2000 年的10，在此之后after which 它it 缓慢下降到2010年的5.

3、尽管数字孤立，但紧密联系。

The bar chart shows how A changes from 1990 to 2010.

To be specific, the number of A decreases sharply from 100 in 1990 to 10 in 2000, after which it descends slowly to 5 in 2010.

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

第三种：两个变量不同时期不同程度上升。（突出明显变化）

1、柱状图比较了A 和B 。

2、具体而言，A 的数字从1990 的5 稳步地上升到2010 年的15.

3、然而，B 的数字从1990 年的10 缓慢上升到2000 年的15，在此之后它陡然上升到了2010 年的100.

4、尽管数字孤立，但紧密联系。

The bar chart compares the upward trend of A with that of B.

To be specific, the number of A increases steadily from 5 in 1990 to 15 in 2010.

Yet, the number of B rises slowly from 10 in 1990 to 15 in 2000, after which it ascends sharply to 100 in 2010.

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

第四种：两个变量同时下降，程度不同（突出明显变化）。

1、柱状图比较了A 和B 。

2、具体而言，A 的数字从1990 的15 稳步地下降到2010 年的5.

3、然而，B 的数字从1990 年的100 陡然下降到2000 年的15，在此之后它缓慢下降到了2010 年的10.

4、尽管数字孤立，但紧密联系。

The bar chart compares A with B.

To be specific, the number of A decreases steadily from 15 in 1990 to 5 in 2010.

Yet, the number of B declines sharply from 100 in 1990 to 15 in 2000, after which it descends slowly to 10 in 2010.

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

第五种：三个变量一上一下一持平（2011）

1、柱状图呈现了A，B 和C 的不同。

2、具体而言，A 的数字从2000 年的5 缓慢上升到2010 年的10.

3、然而，B 的数字从100 陡然下降到10 同一时期。

4、与此同时，C 保持在15 不变。

5、尽管数字孤立，但紧密联系。

The bar chart shows the differences in A, B and C.

To be specific, the number of A increases slowly from 5 in 2000 to 10 in 2010.

Yet, the figure of B decreases sharply from 100 to 10 during the same period.

Meanwhile, the number of C remains steady at 15.

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

饼状图

第一种：一个饼一个量（结合其他图表考察）

1、饼状图呈现了B 在A 中的百分比。

2、具体而言，B 的份额占20%。

3、尽管数字孤立，但紧密联系。

The pie chart presents the percentage of B in A.

To be specific, the proportion of B accounts for 20%.

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

第一种图的变形：

1、如饼状图所示， A 的数量由B,C，D 和E 组成。

2、具体而言，B，C，D 和E 的百分比各自respectively 占40%， 20%，20%和20%。

3、（突出点）更仔细地看when taking a closer look，可以发现B 的数据最大we can find that … 。

4、尽管数字孤立，但紧密联系。

As is indicated in the pie chart, the amount of A is composed of B, C, D and E. 或The pie chart presents information about A, which is composed of B, C, D and E.

To be specific, the proportion of B, C, D and E accounts for 40%, 20%, 20% and 20% respectively.

When taking a closer look, we can find that the biggest one is B.

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

第二种：一个变量的单一变化（上升increase / 下降decrease）

1、饼状图展示了B 在A 中的份额变化从1990 年到2010 年。（the different proportion of B in A 或者 differences about the proportion of B in A ）

2、具体而言，B 的百分比从20%增长到40%。

3、尽管数字孤立，但紧密联系。

The pie charts present the differences about the proportion of B in A from 1990 to 2010.

To be specific, the percentage of B increases from 20% to 40%.

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

第三种：两个变量，此消彼长。

1、饼状图呈现了A 和B 的份额不同。

2、具体而言，A 的百分比从1990 年的20%上升到了2010 年的40%。

3、然而，B 的百分比从80%下降到60%同一时期。

4、尽管数字孤立，但紧密联系。

( 就….而言in terms of the impact of high-tech on our modern life/study/work/traffic), The pie charts showcase the different proportions between/about/of A and B

To be specific, the percentage of A increases from 20% in 1990 to 40% in 2010.

Yet, the number of B decreases from 80% to 60% during the same period.

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

表格：table

第一种：四个常量在同一个图中（等于饼状图变形）

第二种：多个变量同时上（同时下/有上有下）转化成线状图或柱状图

【注意】图表描述前前添加一句：更仔细地看，最大的变化是… （突出点）。 When taking a closer look, one can find the biggest difference is … .

作文中间

具体意义+意义阐述+意义总结

中间段论证（原因后果论证/举例论证/对立观点论证）

原因后果论证

交代现象+引出原因+具体原因+引出后果+具体后果

①交代现象

事实上，这个看似简单的图表微妙地揭示了当下吸引我们注意的一个流行现象

Actually, this seemingly simple chart subtly disclose a prevailing phenomenon that attract our attention.

实际上，这个图表只是一个流行现象的缩影

In fact, this chart is a miniature of a prevalent phenomenon.

显然，这个抽象的图表微妙地揭示了……和……

Apparently, the abstract chart has subtly revealed the relationship between ... and ...

这真的是作者想要告诉我们的吗？当然不是了。

Is this just what the author tries to tell us? Certainly not.

②引出原因

除了以下几点，我找不到更好的理由了。第一，… 。第二, … 。

I can think of no better reasons than the following ones. Firstly, ... . Secondly, ...

到底是什么导致了这一现象？这是个发人深思的问题。

What exactly contributes to this phenomenon? It is a thought-provoking question.

你可能会思考，为什么会产生这个现象呢？

Why, you may wonder, does this phenomenon emerge?

考虑到这个问题的重要性，有必要指出其背后的原因。

Considering the siginicifance of the present situation, we ought to point out the causes behind it.

在我看来，有两个基本要素可以解释这一现象。

Two fundamental factors, in my mind, could account for this social phenomenon.

为了解释这一趋势，人们想到了各种原因。

To account for this trend, people have come up with a wide vatirty of reasons.

③具体原因

第一点原因

首先，…可能对它产生了重要的影响。

To begin with, ... might exert great influence on it.

首先,…可能导致了这个问题。

Firstly, ... imght cause the problem.

一方面，这种情况可能是......的结果。

For one thing, this situation might be the result of ... .

第二点原因

第二点原因是…

The second reason is that ...

此外,…

What's more, / Futhermore, /Moreover,

找不到出两点原因

也许，主要原因是…

Perhaps, the primary reason is that ...

最重要的是,…

Most importantly, ...

最主要的是，通过数据我们可以看出..... 所占比例最大/最小，或许是因为 ... ...

Primarily, we can see from the data that ... take up the largest/ smallest proportion, perhaps because ... .

④引出结果

通用结果

因此，

therefore,

似乎不止一个直接或间接的影响与主题词相关，这些我们都无法忽视。

There seem to be more than one direct or indirect effects involved in ... , which none of us can fail to notice. Firstly, ... . Secondly, ... .

坏的结果

如果我们视而不见的话，上述问题将会产生严重后果

The problem mentioned above is bound to generate severe consequences, if we keep turning a blind eye to it.

虚拟结果

如果没有这个事情的话，我们可能无法感受到生活的幸福。然而，如果这个事情消极的影响继续发生的话，我们可能要付出昂贵的代价。

Were there no such thing, never could we feel the happiness of life. Yet, were the opposite facet of this situation to continue, we could pay a high price.

⑤具体结果

方法一：重复问题或加重问题

方法二：举例 For instance, For example, such as …

For example, ...

As a result, an inceasing number of people have come to realize the fact mentioned above.

The problem/situation/case mentioned above has come into being, which might become worse/better in the future.

补充：原因的拓展

坏：

二：原因：以前没措施

三：得有措施

好：

二：原因：过去已经有措施

三：建议加强某些措施，建议继续某些措施

具体原因举例：

1、媒体：宣传

负: 媒体可能不恰当地夸大了这件事。

The mass media might inappropriately exaggerate the issue.

正：大众媒体，如广播、电视和网络，适当地宣扬并鼓励这一事情。

The mass media, such as radio, television and the internet, might appropriately advocate and encourage this issue.

2、政府：执行

负：因为缺少管控…的法律才导致了…趋势的扩大。

A lack of laws and regulations to control … leads to the expanding trend of … .

正：正是相关法律法规的执行促使这一个令人惊喜的趋势出现。

It is the enforcement of relevant laws and regulations that makes this surprising trend come into being.

3、社会：关注

负：

①社会缺少对…的关注导致了 …

A lack of attention (from…) on … leads to …

②对…的过多关注导致了…

Too much attention (from…) on … leads to …

正：对…的关注促进了… 的发展。

Due attention paid to … has stimulated the rapid development of … .

4、个人：意识

负：个人缺乏…的意识导致了…

A lack of the consciousness of … results in …（结果）。

正：个人已经提高了…的意识。

The public has enhanced the consciousness of … .

科学调查

① 根据最近一个权威机构的调查表明， ...

According to one latest survey conducted by a certain national authority, ...

almost …% of the people might hold the same view.

almost …% of the people might hold the same view that ...

almost …% of the people might do similarly in the same situation.

almost …% of the people might do sth..

② 最近一项调查可以支持我的观点。这项由......进行的调查，在调查了......（某人）之后，发现大部分受访者宣称...... 。

A recent survey can back up my point. The survey conducted by ... after polling ... has found that a significant percentage of respondents claimed that ... （调查结论）

观点与利弊分析

引出争议 + 正方观点+ 理由和例子 + 反方观点+理由和例子

1、引出争议

① 当谈及..., 仁者见仁智者见智。

When it comes to ..., views vary from person to person.

② 历史上，人们对于....... 的现象从未像今天这样讨论得这么激烈。

Never before in history has the phenomenon of ... been talked so much as nowadays.

③ 关于是否..... 的问题，每个人观点不同。

Concerning the issue of whether ... , people’s views vary from person to person.

2、正方观点理由

For one thing, some people might hold the view that ...

What’s more, they also claim that ...

For example, ...

3、反方观点理由

For another, the rest might hold the other side of this picture. / hold the opposite view.

Furthermore, they also argue that ...

For instance, ...

缩减版（让步段）：引出争议 + 正方观点（+正方理由和例子） + 反方观点 + 反方理由（+ 举例）

事实上，这一现象大家一直有争论。诚然，一部人可能认为…. 然而，其他的人都不同意这一观点。他们得理由是：第一， … 。第二， … 。比如说…

① In fact, this issue（whether …or not ） has long been a matter of debate.

② Admittedly, a minority of people may hold the view that … to some extent.

③ Yet, a majority of people hold the other side of this picture.

④ For one thing, … . For another, … . For instance, …

作文结尾

归纳评论/预测趋势 + 建议措施 + 憧憬未来

归纳总结

1.考虑到这个（正面 / 负面）话题的方方面面，我们应该牢记: …。（主题句）

Considering every aspect of this positive / negative phenomenon, we should bear in mind that …

【适用】正面话题、负面话题、中立话题

2.情况如此危急，解决这个问题刻不容缓。

The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took measures to solve the problem.

【适用】负面话题

3.就…而言，如果不小心或者没有节制，… (主题词) 可能会成为一把双刃剑。

In terms of …, if used carelessly or without restraint, … could prove to be a double-edged sword.

4.为了…, 在我看来，需要所有的努力。

To …, in my eyes, it calls for the efforts from all sides.

预测趋势 = 引言 + 结论

1.引言

① 总而言之，

In a word / In conclusion / All in all / To sum up

② 考虑到上述问题的方方面面，我像大多数人一样，可以得出结论：…

Considering every aspect of this issue, I, as most of others will do, safely draw a conclusion that …

③ 不管怎样，不管它的作用是积极的还是消极的，可以肯定的是…

Anyhow, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that …

④ 考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以预测……

Taking all these factors into account/considerations, we may predict that ...

2.结论

① 假设：如果这个好/坏的事情继续发生的话，这个趋势可能朝着更好/更坏的方向发展。

If the exciting/disturbing thing continues, it will be going on for the better /worse.

② 结论：现在，人们….的趋势正在增加/减少，而且我认为短时间内这种趋势不会改变。

Nowadays, there is a growing / decreasing tendency for sb. to do sth., which I believe will not change in a short time.

③ 措施：要想扭转这一趋势并非易事，这需要充分意识到…

To reverse the trend is not a piece of cake, which requires a good awareness of …

④ 随着...的步伐加快和压力不断加大，...的数量在未来十年将继续增长/减少。

With the quickening pace and ever-increasing pressure of ..., the number of ... will keep growing/decreasing in the forthcoming decade.

示例：引言③ + 结论②

不管怎样，不管它的作用是积极的还是消极的，可以肯定的是现在，人们….的趋势正在增加/减少，而且我认为短时间内这种趋势不会改变。

Anyhow, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that Nowadays, there is a growing / decreasing tendency for sb. to do sth., which I believe will not change in a short time.