Docker 部署 Kafka 完整指南

Docker 部署 Kafka 完整指南

本指南将详细介绍如何使用 Docker 部署 Kafka 消息队列系统，包括单节点和集群模式的部署方式。

1. 单节点部署 (Zookeeper + Kafka)

1.1 创建 docker-compose.yml 文件

version: '3.8'

services:
  zookeeper:
    image: bitnami/zookeeper:3.8
    container_name: zookeeper
    ports:
      - "2181:2181"
    environment:
      - ALLOW_ANONYMOUS_LOGIN=yes
    volumes:
      - zookeeper_data:/bitnami/zookeeper

  kafka:
    image: bitnami/kafka:3.4
    container_name: kafka
    ports:
      - "9092:9092"
    environment:
      - KAFKA_CFG_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT=zookeeper:2181
      - ALLOW_PLAINTEXT_LISTENER=yes
      - KAFKA_CFG_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS=PLAINTEXT://${HOST_IP}:9092
      - KAFKA_CFG_AUTO_CREATE_TOPICS_ENABLE=true
    volumes:
      - kafka_data:/bitnami/kafka
    depends_on:
      - zookeeper

volumes:
  zookeeper_data:
    driver: local
  kafka_data:
    driver: local

1.2 启动服务

export HOST_IP=$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}')
docker-compose up -d

2. KRaft 模式部署 (无 Zookeeper)

2.1 创建 docker-compose.yml 文件

version: '3.8'

services:
  kafka:
    image: bitnami/kafka:3.4
    container_name: kafka
    ports:
      - "9092:9092"
    environment:
      - KAFKA_CFG_PROCESS_ROLES=controller,broker
      - KAFKA_CFG_NODE_ID=1
      - KAFKA_CFG_CONTROLLER_QUORUM_VOTERS=1@kafka:9093
      - KAFKA_CFG_LISTENERS=PLAINTEXT://:9092,CONTROLLER://:9093
      - KAFKA_CFG_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS=PLAINTEXT://${HOST_IP}:9092
      - KAFKA_CFG_AUTO_CREATE_TOPICS_ENABLE=true
    volumes:
      - kafka_data:/bitnami/kafka

volumes:
  kafka_data:
    driver: local

2.2 启动服务

export HOST_IP=$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}')
docker-compose up -d

3. 集群部署 (3节点)

3.1 创建 docker-compose.yml 文件

version: '3.8'

services:
  zookeeper:
    image: bitnami/zookeeper:3.8
    container_name: zookeeper
    ports:
      - "2181:2181"
    environment:
      - ALLOW_ANONYMOUS_LOGIN=yes
      - ZOO_SERVER_ID=1
      - ZOO_SERVERS=0.0.0.0:2888:3888
    volumes:
      - zookeeper_data:/bitnami/zookeeper

  kafka1:
    image: bitnami/kafka:3.4
    container_name: kafka1
    ports:
      - "9092:9092"
    environment:
      - KAFKA_CFG_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT=zookeeper:2181
      - ALLOW_PLAINTEXT_LISTENER=yes
      - KAFKA_CFG_BROKER_ID=1
      - KAFKA_CFG_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS=PLAINTEXT://${HOST_IP}:9092
      - KAFKA_CFG_AUTO_CREATE_TOPICS_ENABLE=true
    volumes:
      - kafka1_data:/bitnami/kafka
    depends_on:
      - zookeeper

  kafka2:
    image: bitnami/kafka:3.4
    container_name: kafka2
    ports:
      - "9093:9093"
    environment:
      - KAFKA_CFG_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT=zookeeper:2181
      - ALLOW_PLAINTEXT_LISTENER=yes
      - KAFKA_CFG_BROKER_ID=2
      - KAFKA_CFG_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS=PLAINTEXT://${HOST_IP}:9093
      - KAFKA_CFG_AUTO_CREATE_TOPICS_ENABLE=true
    volumes:
      - kafka2_data:/bitnami/kafka
    depends_on:
      - zookeeper

  kafka3:
    image: bitnami/kafka:3.4
    container_name: kafka3
    ports:
      - "9094:9094"
    environment:
      - KAFKA_CFG_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT=zookeeper:2181
      - ALLOW_PLAINTEXT_LISTENER=yes
      - KAFKA_CFG_BROKER_ID=3
      - KAFKA_CFG_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS=PLAINTEXT://${HOST_IP}:9094
      - KAFKA_CFG_AUTO_CREATE_TOPICS_ENABLE=true
    volumes:
      - kafka3_data:/bitnami/kafka
    depends_on:
      - zookeeper

volumes:
  zookeeper_data:
    driver: local
  kafka1_data:
    driver: local
  kafka2_data:
    driver: local
  kafka3_data:
    driver: local

3.2 启动集群

export HOST_IP=$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}')
docker-compose up -d

4. 基本操作验证

4.1 创建主题

docker exec -it kafka kafka-topics.sh --create \
  --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
  --replication-factor 1 \
  --partitions 3 \
  --topic test-topic

4.2 生产消息

docker exec -it kafka kafka-console-producer.sh \
  --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
  --topic test-topic

4.3 消费消息

docker exec -it kafka kafka-console-consumer.sh \
  --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 \
  --topic test-topic \
  --from-beginning

4.4 查看主题列表

docker exec -it kafka kafka-topics.sh --list \
  --bootstrap-server localhost:9092

5. 管理技巧

5.1 数据持久化

所有数据卷都配置在 volumes 部分，确保数据不会因容器重启而丢失。

5.2 监控配置

docker stats kafka zookeeper

5.3 日志查看

docker logs -f kafka

5.4 停止和清理

docker-compose down
# 如需删除数据卷
docker-compose down -v

6. 注意事项

1. 生产环境建议使用 KRaft 模式或至少 3 个节点的集群
2. 根据实际需求调整 KAFKA_CFG_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS
3. 数据卷路径可根据需要修改
4. 内存限制可通过 -m 参数设置
5. 安全配置建议添加认证机制

通过以上配置，您可以快速部署适用于开发和测试环境的 Kafka 服务。生产环境请根据实际需求调整配置参数和安全设置。