Centos|Ubuntu自定义镜像

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已于 2025-04-27 19:28:05 修改

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文章标签： linux

于 2023-09-16 15:42:08 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_52459798/article/details/132919535

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Centos7自定义镜像

安装自定义镜像工具

安装

yum -y install createrepo mkisofs openssl rsync syslinux

挂载镜像

创建挂载点
```
mkdir /mnt/cdrom
```

挂载

# 上传镜像到/home/baseISO目录下
mount -o loop /home/baseISO/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.iso /mnt/cdrom/

同步/mnt/cdrom/下的文件到/home/ISO/

mkdir /home/ISO
/usr/bin/rsync -a /mnt/cdrom/ /home/ISO/

ks.cfg文件自定义

复制ks.cfg文件
```
cp /root/anaconda-ks.cfg /root/ks.cfg
```

密码生成

# -1: md5加密
# -salt: 加盐
# 盐: Wkajs
# pass: password
openssl passwd -1 -salt Wkajs password

编辑ks.cfg文件

  #  vim /root/ks.cfg
  #version=DEVEL
  # System authorization information
  auth --enableshadow --enablemd5
  # Use CDROM installation media
  cdrom
  # Use graphical install 图形化界面式安装
  # graphical
  # Use text install  文本式安装
  text
  # Run the Setup Agent on first boot
  firstboot --enable
  # 启用会忽略其他硬盘
  ignoredisk --only-use=sda
  # Keyboard layouts
  keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
  # System language
  lang en_US.UTF-8
  
  # Network information
  network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0  --ipv6=auto --activate
  network  --hostname=localhost.localdomain
  
  # Root password
  rootpw --iscrypted  $1$8q7ORxjl$v8yGB70WIHiLjNcaJRdCh.
  # System services
  services --disabled="chronyd"
  # System timezone
  timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
  # Partition clearing information
  clearpart --all --initlabel
  
  # System bootloader configuration
  bootloader --append=" crashkernel=512M " --location=mbr  --boot-drive=sda
  # Clear the Master Boot Record
  zerombr
  %addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='512M'
  %end
  part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500 --ondisk=sda
  # uefi模式需要
  part /boot/efi --asprimary --fstype="efi" --size=120 --ondisk=sda
  #----------------------以下是创建lvm逻辑卷---------------------
  # 创建第一个物理卷PV分区，序号是01，大小为剩余所有空间
  # --size=1 --grow参数是以剩余所有空间来分区
  part pv.01 --size=1 --grow --ondisk=sda
  # 创建一个逻辑卷组名，名字为virt，包含在物理卷PV.01
  volgroup virt pv.01
  # 创建一个LV逻辑卷，挂载到/  ，从virt组中创建，大小为剩余所有空间，LV的名字是vg_root
  logvol / --fstype="ext4" --vgname=virt --size=1 --grow --name=vg-root
  # 创建第二个物理卷PV分区，序号是02，大小为剩余所有空间
  #part pv.02 --size=1 --grow --ondisk=sdb
  #创建一个逻辑卷组名，名字为data ，包含在物理卷PV.02
  #volgroup vg_data pv.02
  #创建一个LV逻辑卷，挂载到/data  ，从vg_data组中创建，LV的名字是volume-data
  #logvol /data --fstype="ext4" --vgname=vg_data --size=1 --grow --name=volume-data
  
  
  # 最小化安装
  %packages
  @^minimal
  @core
  kexec-tools
  %end
  
  reboot

ISO文件目录

# tree /home/ISO/ -d
/home/ISO/
├── EFI
│   └── BOOT
│       └── fonts
├── images
│   └── pxeboot
├── isolinux
├── LiveOS
├── Packages
└── repodata

复制ks.cfg到isolinux
```
cp /root/ks.cfg /home/ISO/isolinux
```

修改isolinux.cfg文件

# vim /home/ISO/isolinux/isolinux.cfg
label linux
  menu label ^Install CentOS 7
  menu default
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img  ks=cdrom:/isolinux/ks.cfg net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 quiet

describe: net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 禁用自动设备命名规则，恢复传统的 ethx 设备名称

生成iso文件

制作iso命令

# mkisofs制作
mkisofs \
-o CentOS-7-9.iso \
-b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
-c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 \
-boot-info-table -R -J -v -T /home/ISO

# genisoimage 制作
genisoimage  \
-joliet-long \
-o CentOS-7-9.iso \
-b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
-c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 \
-boot-info-table -R -J -v -cache-inodes -T -eltorito-alt-boot \
-e images/efiboot.img -no-emul-boot /home/ISO

uefi bios兼容

mkisofs -o /home/ISO/CentOS-7-9.iso -v -cache-inodes -joliet-long -R -J -T -V centos7  -c isolinux/boot.cat  -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -eltorito-alt-boot -b images/efiboot.img -no-emul-boot /home/ISO

uefi模式需修改文件

 # vim EFI/BOOT/grub.cfg
 # 修改内容
 menuentry 'Install CentOS 7' --class fedora --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
      linuxefi /images/pxeboot/vmlinuz ks=cdrom:/isolinux/ks.cfg net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0   quiet
      initrdefi /images/pxeboot/initrd.img
  }
  #下面内容可注释，只保留当前install选项
  ...

Hybird模式
```
isohybrid -v /home/ISO/CentOS-7-9.iso
```
notice: isohybrid command not found,需要安装syslinux.命令: yum -y install syslinux

describe: 采用“hybird模式”（混合模式），操作系统可以直接刻录成物理光盘，也可以直接做成可引导的U盘

ubuntu自定义镜像

安装自定义镜像工具

apt-get install genisoimage

挂载镜像

创建挂载点
```
mkdir /mnt/cdrom
```

挂载

# 上传镜像到/home/user目录下
mount -o loop /home/user/ubuntu-20.04.6-live-server-amd64.iso /mnt/cdrom/

同步/mnt/cdrom/下的文件到/home/ISO/

mkdir /home/ISO
rsync -avz /mnt/cdrom/ /home/ISO/

创建应答文件

20.04meta-data

instance-id: focal-autoinstall

22.04meta-data

instance-id: jammyl-autoinstall

密码生成

apt install whois -y
mkpasswd -m sha-512 mypassword

20.04user-data

#cloud-config
autoinstall:
 version: 1
 apt:
   primary:
   - arches: [default]
     uri: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu
   disable_components: []
   preserve_sources_list: false
 identity:
   hostname: ubuntu-server
   password: "$6$1pRBywQWxTve6eXY$DIuoBf36dCnzOZ3sGMUJ2VJaYtcOryIlmQMmOb4PMJmiJBdkZd3V6hJwuJeyyAEa84P4HNRU38KvXSqrhHvTG1"
   username: ubuntu
 ssh:
   allow-pw: true
   authorized-keys: []
   install-server: true
 network:
   version: 2
   ethernets:
     ens33:
       dhcp4: true
       optional: true
 storage:
   config:
   - ptable: gpt
     path: /dev/sda
     wipe: superblock-recursive
     preserve: false
     name: ''
     grub_device: true
     id: disk-sda
     type: disk
   - device: disk-sda
     size: 1048576
     flag: bios_grub
     number: 1
     preserve: false
     grub_device: false
     offset: 1048576
     path: /dev/sda1
     id: partition-0
     type: partition
   - device: disk-sda
     size: 1073741824
     wipe: superblock
     number: 2
     preserve: false
     grub_device: false
     offset: 2097152
     path: /dev/sda2
     id: partition-1
     type: partition
   - fstype: ext4
     volume: partition-1
     preserve: false
     id: format-0
     type: format
   - device: disk-sda
     size: -1
     wipe: superblock
     number: 3
     preserve: false
     grub_device: false
     offset: 1075839488
     path: /dev/sda3
     id: partition-2
     type: partition
   - name: ubuntu-vg
     devices:
     - partition-2
     preserve: false
     id: lvm_volgroup-0
     type: lvm_volgroup
   - name: ubuntu-root
     volgroup: lvm_volgroup-0
     size: -1
     wipe: superblock
     preserve: false
     path: /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-root
     id: lvm_partition-0
     type: lvm_partition
   - fstype: ext4
     volume: lvm_partition-0
     preserve: false
     id: format-1
     type: format
   - path: /
     device: format-1
     id: mount-1
     type: mount
   - path: /boot
     device: format-0
     id: mount-0
     type: mount
 packages:
   - vim
   - curl
 late-commands:
   - curtin in-target -- /bin/bash -c 'echo "ubuntu ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers'

22.04 user-data

#cloud-config
autoinstall:
 version: 1
 apt:
   primary:
   - arches: [default]
     uri: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu
   disable_components: []
   preserve_sources_list: false
 user-data:
   timezone: Asia/Shanghai
 identity:
   hostname: ubuntu-server
   password: "$6$1pRBywQWxTve6eXY$DIuoBf36dCnzOZ3sGMUJ2VJaYtcOryIlmQMmOb4PMJmiJBdkZd3V6hJwuJeyyAEa84P4HNRU38KvXSqrhHvTG1"
   username: ubuntu
 ssh:
   allow-pw: true
   authorized-keys: []
   install-server: true
 network:
   version: 2
   ethernets:
     ens33:
       dhcp4: true
       optional: true
 storage:
   config:
   - ptable: gpt
     path: /dev/sda
     wipe: superblock-recursive
     preserve: false
     name: ''
     grub_device: true
     id: disk-sda
     type: disk
   - device: disk-sda
     size: 1048576
     flag: bios_grub
     number: 1
     preserve: false
     grub_device: false
     offset: 1048576
     path: /dev/sda1
     id: partition-0
     type: partition
   - device: disk-sda
     size: 1073741824
     wipe: superblock
     number: 2
     preserve: false
     grub_device: false
     offset: 2097152
     path: /dev/sda2
     id: partition-1
     type: partition
   - fstype: ext4
     volume: partition-1
     preserve: false
     id: format-0
     type: format
   - device: disk-sda
     size: -1
     wipe: superblock
     number: 3
     preserve: false
     grub_device: false
     offset: 1075839488
     path: /dev/sda3
     id: partition-2
     type: partition
   - name: ubuntu-vg
     devices:
     - partition-2
     preserve: false
     id: lvm_volgroup-0
     type: lvm_volgroup
   - name: ubuntu-root
     volgroup: lvm_volgroup-0
     size: -1
     wipe: superblock
     preserve: false
     path: /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-root
     id: lvm_partition-0
     type: lvm_partition
   - fstype: ext4
     volume: lvm_partition-0
     preserve: false
     id: format-1
     type: format
   - path: /
     device: format-1
     id: mount-1
     type: mount
   - path: /boot
     device: format-0
     id: mount-0
     type: mount
 packages:
   - vim
   - curl
 early-commands:
   - sgdisk --clear /dev/sda
   - sgdisk -n 1:2048:+1M -c 1:"System Partition" -t 1:ef02 /dev/sda
   - sgdisk -n 2:4096:+1024M -c 2:"Boot System Partition" -t 2:8304 /dev/sda
   - sgdisk -N 3 -c 3:"Root Partition" -t 3:8304 /dev/sda
 late-commands:
   - curtin in-target -- /bin/bash -c 'echo "ubuntu ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers'

user-data 进阶

 #cloud-config
autoinstall:
  version: 1
  apt:
    primary:
    - arches: [default]
      uri: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu
    disable_components: []
    preserve_sources_list: false
  user-data:
    timezone: Asia/Shanghai
  identity:
    hostname: ubuntu-server
    password: "$6$1pRBywQWxTve6eXY$DIuoBf36dCnzOZ3sGMUJ2VJaYtcOryIlmQMmOb4PMJmiJBdkZd3V6hJwuJeyyAEa84P4HNRU38KvXSqrhHvTG1"
    username: ubuntu
  ssh:
    allow-pw: true
    authorized-keys: []
    install-server: true
  network:
    version: 2
    ethernets:
      ens33:
        dhcp4: true
        optional: true
  storage:
    config:
    - ptable: gpt
      path: /dev/sda
      wipe: superblock-recursive
      preserve: false
      name: ''
      grub_device: true
      id: disk-sda
      type: disk
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 1048576
      flag: bios_grub
      number: 1
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      offset: 1048576
      path: /dev/sda1
      id: partition-0
      type: partition
    - device: disk-sda
      size: 1073741824
      wipe: superblock
      number: 2
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      offset: 2097152
      path: /dev/sda2
      id: partition-1
      type: partition
    - fstype: ext4
      volume: partition-1
      preserve: false
      id: format-0
      type: format
    - device: disk-sda
      size: -1
      wipe: superblock
      number: 3
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      offset: 1075839488
      path: /dev/sda3
      id: partition-2
      type: partition
    - name: ubuntu-vg
      devices:
      - partition-2
      preserve: false
      id: lvm_volgroup-0
      type: lvm_volgroup
    - name: ubuntu-root
      volgroup: lvm_volgroup-0
      size: -1
      wipe: superblock
      preserve: false
      path: /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-root
      id: lvm_partition-0
      type: lvm_partition
    - fstype: ext4
      volume: lvm_partition-0
      preserve: false
      id: format-1
      type: format
    - path: /
      device: format-1
      id: mount-1
      type: mount
    - path: /boot
      device: format-0
      id: mount-0
      type: mount
    - ptable: gpt
      path: /dev/sdb
      wipe: superblock-recursive
      preserve: false
      name: ''
      grub_device: false
      id: disk-sdb
      type: disk
    - device: disk-sdb
      size: -1
      wipe: superblock
      number: 1
      preserve: false
      grub_device: false
      offset: 0
      path: /dev/sdb1
      id: partition-sdb1
      type: partition
    - fstype: ext4
      volume: partition-sdb1
      preserve: false
      id: format-sdb1
      type: format
    - path: /var/lib/containerd
      device: format-sdb1
      id: mount-sdb1
      type: mount
  packages:
    - vim
    - curl
    - wget
    - chrony
    - docker.io
  early-commands:
    - sgdisk --clear /dev/sda
    - sgdisk -n 1:2048:+1M -c 1:"System Partition" -t 1:ef02 /dev/sda
    - sgdisk -n 2:4096:+1024M -c 2:"Boot System Partition" -t 2:8304 /dev/sda
    - sgdisk -N 3 -c 3:"Root Partition" -t 3:8304 /dev/sda
    - sgdisk -N 1 /dev/sdb
  late-commands:
    - curtin in-target -- /bin/bash -c 'echo "ubuntu ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers'
    - curtin in-target -- /bin/bash -c 'wget -O /tmp/network.sh http://192.168.5.195:/network.sh'
    - curtin in-target -- /bin/bash -c 'bash /tmp/network.sh'

创建应答文件目录

mkdir /home/ISO/nocloud
mv ./user--data ./meta-data /home/ISO/nocloud

修改.cfg文件

# 20.04文件路径 /home/ISO/isolinux/txt.cfg
default live
label live
  menu label ^Install Ubuntu Server
  kernel /casper/vmlinuz
  # 修改部分
  append   initrd=/casper/initrd quiet autoinstall ds=nocloud;s=/cdrom/nocloud/  ---
# 22.04文件路径/home/ISO/boot/grub/grub.cfg
menuentry "Install Ubuntu Server" {
        set gfxpayload=keep
        linux   /casper/vmlinuz quiet autoinstall ds=nocloud\;s=/cdrom/nocloud/  ---
        initrd  /casper/initrd
}

生成iso文件

20.04

mkisofs -R -J -T -v -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -o /home/user/ubuntu-20.04.6-auto-server-amd64.iso /home/ISO

22.04

mkisofs -R -J -T -v -joliet-long -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -b boot/grub/i386-pc/eltorito.img -c boot/grub/boot.cat -o /home/user/ubuntu-22.04.4-auto-server-amd64.iso /home/ISO

静态网络设置脚本

#!/bin/bash
NETCARDS=$(ls /sys/class/net | grep -v -E "(lo|docker|virb|veth)")
STATIC_NETWORK_CONFIG_DIR="/etc/netplan"
for file in $(ls ${STATIC_NETWORK_CONFIG_DIR}); do
    mv ${STATIC_NETWORK_CONFIG_DIR}/${file}  ${STATIC_NETWORK_CONFIG_DIR}/${file}.old
done

for netcard in $NETCARDS; do
    if ip addr show ${netcard} | grep -E ".*state UP" > /dev/null; then
        STATIC_NETWORK_CONFIG_FILE_NEW="01-installer-config-${netcard}.yaml"
        echo "Configuring $netcard"  # 修正变量名从 $NETCARD 改为 $netcard
        addr=$(ip addr show "${netcard}" | grep -E "inet.*${netcard}" | awk '{print $2}')
        gateway=$(ip route show | grep -E "default.*${netcard}" | awk '{print $3}')
        if [ ! -z "$addr" ] && [ ! -z "$gateway" ]; then
            STATIC_LINE=$(cat <<EOF
# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
  ethernets:
    ${netcard}:
      addresses:
      - ${addr}
      nameservers:
        addresses:
        - ${gateway}
        search: []
      routes:
      - to: default
        via: ${gateway}
  version: 2
EOF
)
        elif [ ! -z "$addr" ] && [ -z "$gateway" ]; then
            STATIC_LINE=$(cat <<EOF
# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
  ethernets:
    ${netcard}:
      addresses:
      - ${addr}
  version: 2
EOF
)
        fi
        echo -e "${STATIC_LINE}" > ${STATIC_NETWORK_CONFIG_DIR}/${STATIC_NETWORK_CONFIG_FILE_NEW}
    fi
done