Vuex和pinia的区别

最新推荐文章于 2024-12-23 22:35:47 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-12-23 22:35:47 发布

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文章标签：前端 javascript 开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_48666244/article/details/132888790

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本文介绍了Pinia，Vue3的状态管理模式，强调其特点如无需mutations、模块化、体积更小且性能提升。文章详细讲解了如何安装、使用state、getters和actions，以及组件中如何操作和更新状态数据。

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1. pinia没有mutations，只有：state、getters、actions

2. pinia分模块不需要modules（之前vuex分模块需要modules）

3. pinia体积更小（性能更好）

4. pinia可以直接修改state数据

一、安装使用Pinia

1.1安装下载

npm install pinia

1.2 main.js引入

import { createPinia } from 'pinia'

app.use(createPinia())

1.3 根目录新建store/index.js中写入

import { defineStore } from 'pinia'

export const useStore = defineStore('storeId', {
  state: () => {
    return {
      counter: 0,
    }
  },
  getters:{},
  actions:{}
})

1.4 组件使用

<script setup>
import { useStore } from '../store'
const store = useStore();
</script>

二、State

2.1 Pinia定义state数据

import { defineStore } from 'pinia'

export const useStore = defineStore('storeId', {
  state: () => {
    return {
      counter: 0,
      name: 'Eduardo',
      isAdmin: true,
    }
  },
  getters:{},
  actions:{}
})

2.2 组件使用pinia的state数据

<template>
	<div>
		<h1>A组件</h1>
		{{ name }}
	</div>
</template>

<script setup>
import { useStore } from '../store'
const store = useStore();
let { name } = store;
</script>

2.3 组件修改pinia的state数据

本身pinia可以直接修改state数据，无需像vuex一样通过mutations才可以修改，但是上面写的let { name } = store;这种解构是不可以的，所以要换解构的方式。

<template>
	<div>
		<h1>A组件</h1>
		{{ name }}
		<button @click='btn'>按钮</button>
	</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
import { useStore } from '../store'
const store = useStore();
let { name }  = storeToRefs(store);
const btn = ()=>{
	name.value = '123';
}
</script>

2.4 如果state数据需要批量更新（使用$patch)进行批量更新

import { defineStore } from 'pinia'

export const useStore = defineStore('storeId', {
  state: () => {
    return {
      counter: 0,
      name: 'Eduardo',
      arr:['a','b','c']
    }
  },
  getters:{},
  actions:{}
})

组件代码

<template>
	<div>
		<h1>A组件</h1>
		{{ name }}
		{{ counter }}
		{{ arr }}
		<button @click='btn'>按钮</button>
	</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
import { useStore } from '../store'
const store = useStore();
let { name,counter,arr }  = storeToRefs(store);
const btn = ()=>{
	//批量更新
	store.$patch(state=>{
		state.counter++;
		state.arr.push(4);
		state.name = '456';
	})
}
</script>

三、actions

export const useStore = defineStore('storeId', {
  state: () => {
    return {
      counter: 0
    }
  },
  getters:{},
  actions:{
  	changeCounter( val ){
  		this.counter += val;
  	}
  }
})

<template>
	<div>
		<h1>A组件</h1>
		{{ counter }}
		<button @click='add'>加10</button>
	</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
import { useStore } from '../store'
const store = useStore();
let { counter }  = storeToRefs(store);
const add = ()=>{
	store.changeCounter(10);
}
</script>

四、getters

getters和vuex的getters几乎类似，也是有缓存的机制

import { defineStore } from 'pinia'

export const useStore = defineStore('storeId', {
  state: () => {
    return {
      counter: 0,
    }
  },
  getters:{
  	counterPar(  ){
  		console.log(111);
  		return this.counter + 100;
  	}
  },
  actions:{}
})
<template>
	<div>
		{{ counterPar }}
		{{ counterPar }}
		{{ counterPar }}
		<h1>A组件</h1>
		{{ counter }}
	</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
import { useStore } from '../store'
const store = useStore();
let { counter, counterPar }  = storeToRefs(store);
</script>