Git服务安装

准备环境

IP	主机名
192.168.47.126	server
192.168.47.125	client

需求
下载源码包编译安装或者yum安装
服务端创建git用户，配置空仓库
创建无秘钥登录证书
客户端命令使用：克隆、修改git配置、 添加修改文件到暂存区、 提交修改到本地仓库、 提交修改到远程服务器。
1.yum安装git

yum -y install git

2.创建git用户

[root@server  ~]# useradd -m git
[root@server  ~]# passwd git
Changing password for user git.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is a palindrome
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

3.创建空仓库

[root@server  ~]# su - git
[git@server  ~]$ mkdir project.git
[git@server  ~]$ cd project.git/
[git@server project.git]$ git init --bare
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/git/project.git/

4.仓库文件授权

[git@server project.git]$ chown -R git:git /home/git/project.git/

5.客户端访问方式

[root@server ~]# git clone file:///home/git/project.git/
Cloning into 'project'...
warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.

[root@client ~]# git clone git@192.168.47.126:/home/git/project.git
Cloning into 'project'...
The authenticity of host '192.168.47.126 (192.168.47.126)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 85:fd:a6:6f:4a:35:f3:9f:14:d9:1c:97:44:db:a3:f9.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.47.126' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
git@192.168.47.126's password: 
warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.

6.创建无密钥登陆证书
（服务端、客户端都要执行）

[root@server ~]# su - git
[git@server ~]$ ll
total 0
[git@server ~]$ pwd
/home/git
[git@server ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/git/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/home/git/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /home/git/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/git/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
2a:ca:14:e1:28:e5:7b:ca:8b:a4:6c:21:f4:8e:a1:72 git@git1
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|                 |
|                 |
|  o              |
| * .             |
|+ =     S        |
|oo +   .         |
|o.B o .          |
|*BE= .           |
|=o*.             |
+-----------------+
[git@server ~]$ cd .ssh/
[git@server .ssh]$ 
[git@server .ssh]$ ll
total 8
-rw-------. 1 git git 1679 Mar 17 12:29 id_rsa
-rw-r--r--. 1 git git  390 Mar 17 12:29 id_rsa.pub
[git@server .ssh]$ cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
[git@server .ssh]$ chmod 600 authorized_keys 
[git@server .ssh]$ chmod 700 -R ~/.ssh/
[git@server .ssh]$ su - root
Password: 
Last login: Tue Mar 17 12:25:02 CST 2020 from 192.168.47.1 on pts/0
[root@server ~]# scp  /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys 192.168.47.125:/root/.ssh
The authenticity of host '192.168.47.125 (192.168.47.125)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 85:fd:a6:6f:4a:35:f3:9f:14:d9:1c:97:44:db:a3:f9.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.47.125' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.47.125's password: 
authorized_keys                   100%  390     0.4KB/s   00:00  

[root@client ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
76:d6:a9:a7:51:fd:0e:88:77:86:60:80:f0:89:dd:8b root@client
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|    .            |
|     = +         |
|    . = o        |
|       . o . o   |
|      E S = + .  |
|       . + = o . |
|          + = + .|
|           = o o |
|          .     .|
+-----------------+
[root@client ~]# ll
total 4
-rw-------. 1 root root 1172 Feb 28 13:27 anaconda-ks.cfg

7.将client的公钥复制到server的authorized_keys里

[root@git2 ~]# chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys 
[root@client ~]# cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDG9pqTzEGwztT5ATMIqnWO2RPtV9cHg8QgyZpIgjCuWZC5FfFK1NNP7rcsu067jVBzl7ySu42NqmSSj3Gc3Yv3S0F/q2DdYga+80UOvCpjwHQHlWKQBrUAwS1KE2Xog1kiDAsNikKdUis20OhU2DvebUZGiAnDKsasvDBPc9eikfJG8vgL+TGBLjx6tAe/zeuHcsAOA/H/P++Hf6o3ltE8ezAYkvVUAFPihK2GIW2w9R7y23DQomy91ZEoVZwG6yheWTMBwSrU1xHs61KYbDAjCjtReCmLFNmNCwDYCGw/ExoDQaJW48qrb7+18EODdT9QjCdXLdECT2q2S+J6v6aP root@client
[root@server ~]# vi /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys 
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDeyNm7LLN4bhBV0hX1h/be0KBOVeOB
d0XEtxkaKTR8sHSSQyYFNOzY/ULacWXRaoQNUbxHdHK4JzndWnx/rqQ+0JsOFwNfKmRP
soCur1DI2XoK47IU3tgMP5UNQZ0OzyKfI0lqR7l6VlJ+Xz0nB1CgUEPQjeYCVg3lOF65
qgMN73scM+k44pTXnJ/cPB9wjsYnBsNZccGI6RYRywxsMmBoJFQc1CIamB8++v2MqqQf
r7I3DxD7OVJwAYmfKkakXKGDy8I5X7snsrbU2+ow5Uqb6QNMBq6xLVKb/+hwAhBeMti5
xMx8eNHeYPMlpj8+1hEgNiwOfD33RBgXnn4WrMlJ git@server
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDG9pqTzEGwztT5ATMIqnWO2RPtV9cH
g8QgyZpIgjCuWZC5FfFK1NNP7rcsu067jVBzl7ySu42NqmSSj3Gc3Yv3S0F/q2DdYga+
80UOvCpjwHQHlWKQBrUAwS1KE2Xog1kiDAsNikKdUis20OhU2DvebUZGiAnDKsasvDBP
c9eikfJG8vgL+TGBLjx6tAe/zeuHcsAOA/H/P++Hf6o3ltE8ezAYkvVUAFPihK2GIW2w
9R7y23DQomy91ZEoVZwG6yheWTMBwSrU1xHs61KYbDAjCjtReCmLFNmNCwDYCGw/ExoD
QaJW48qrb7+18EODdT9QjCdXLdECT2q2S+J6v6aP root@client
[root@client ~]# ssh git@192.168.47.126
The authenticity of host '192.168.47.126 (192.168.47.126)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 85:fd:a6:6f:4a:35:f3:9f:14:d9:1c:97:44:db:a3:f9.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.47.126' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Last login: Tue Mar 17 12:28:51 2020

8.免密登陆测试

[root@client ~]# ssh git@192.168.47.126
The authenticity of host '192.168.47.126 (192.168.47.126)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 85:fd:a6:6f:4a:35:f3:9f:14:d9:1c:97:44:db:a3:f9.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.47.126' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Last login: Tue Mar 17 12:28:51 2020

9.禁止shell登录

[root@git1 ~]# vim /etc/passwd
git:x:1000:1000::/home/git:/bin/git-shell

客户端命令工具
clone 将远程服务器仓库克隆到本地
config 修改git配置
add 添加修改文件到暂存区
commit 提交修改到本地仓库
push 提交修改到远程服务器
1.克隆服务端git仓库到客户端上

[root@git2 ~]# mkdir git
[root@git2 ~]# cd git/
[root@git2 git]# git clone git@192.168.47.126:/home/git/project.git
Cloning into 'project'...
Enter passphrase for key '/root/.ssh/id_rsa': 
git@192.168.47.126's password: 
warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
[root@git2 git]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 Feb 28 14:17 project

2.对数据进行修改

[root@git2 git]# cd project/
[root@git2 project]# echo "NO.1" > 1.html 
[root@git2 project]# git add . 
[root@git2 project]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5 Feb 28 14:24 1.html
[root@git2 project]# git commit -m "NO.1"   

*** Please tell me who you are.

Run

  git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
  git config --global user.name "Your Name"

to set your account's default identity.
Omit --global to set the identity only in this repository.

fatal: unable to auto-detect email address (got 'root@git2.(none)')
[root@git2 project]# git config --global user.name "users"
[root@git2 project]# git config --global user.email "2945294692@qq.com"
[root@git2 project]# git commit -m "NO.1" 
[master (root-commit) 532eedc] NO.1
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 1.html
[root@git2 project]# git remote add origin git@192.168.47.126:/home/git/project.git
fatal: remote origin already exists.
[root@git2 project]# git push origin git1
git@192.168.47.126's password: 
error: src refspec git1 does not match any.
error: failed to push some refs to 'git@192.168.47.126:/home/git/project.git'

3.查看仓库数据状态

[root@client project]# git status	
# On branch master
nothing to commit, working directory clean
[root@client project]# vim 1.html 
NO.1
Hello
[root@client project]# git status
# On branch master
# Changes not staged for commit:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
#       modified:   1.html
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")