卡尺工具进阶指南-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_46017342/article/details/149205248

文章目录

🎯 卡尺工具联合使用实战指南（Halcon视觉入门进阶）

🎯 卡尺工具联合使用实战指南（Halcon视觉入门进阶）

在实际的工业视觉项目中，我们常常遇到这样的需求：

先精准找到一个物体的位置，然后对其关键特征（如边缘、孔、圆等）进行精密测量。

如果你只用卡尺工具，有时候无法知道测量区域的精确位置；
如果你只用模板匹配，也无法完成尺寸测量或对边缘精度的检测。

这时候就可以将 模板匹配 + 卡尺工具（直线/圆形） 组合使用，达到“先定位，再测量”的效果。

💡 一、使用场景举例

应用	描述
插座PIN脚检测	模板匹配定位插座，再用直线卡尺测量PIN脚高度
螺丝孔位测量	模板匹配定位螺丝轮廓，再用圆形卡尺检测孔径
电池极耳宽度测量	定位电池边缘，再用直线卡尺测量极耳的宽度
齿轮内孔测量	先定位齿轮，再用圆形卡尺量内圆或中心位置

🧭 二、典型流程图


1. 模板创建 → 2. 模板匹配 → 3. 坐标系建立 → 
4. 卡尺工具构建（直线/圆） → 5. 亚像素边缘测量 → 6. 结果显示与判断

🔧 三、实战示例：模板匹配+直线卡尺测量边缘位置

📋 场景：测量某一区域直线数量

👇 步骤如下：


dev_update_off ()
dev_close_window ()
read_image (Image, 'C:/Users/25972/MVS/Data/Image_20250707163712868.jpg')
dev_open_window_fit_image (Image, 0, 0, -1, -1, WindowHandle)
dev_set_line_width (3)
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
dev_display (Image)
* 
* Search parameters
AngleExtent := 90
AngleExtentTracking := 20
MinScore := 0.4
MinScoreTracking := 0.3
TrackingRadius := 80
ScaleROffset := 0.01
ScaleCOffset := 0.0
Metric := 'use_polarity'

gen_rectangle1 (ModelRegion, 1887.08, 1021.38, 2348.88, 1348.56)
gen_rectangle1 (Circle, 1859.66, 1105.21, 1924.35, 1240.74)

area_center (ModelRegion, Area, Row, Column)
reduce_domain (Image, ModelRegion, ImageReduced)
create_planar_uncalib_deformable_model (ImageReduced, 'auto', [], [], 'auto', 1, [], 'auto', 1, [], 'auto', 'none', Metric, 'auto', 'auto', [], [], ModelID)
set_deformable_model_origin (ModelID, -Row, -Column)
get_deformable_model_contours (Contours, ModelID, 1)
dev_display (Image)
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_set_draw ('margin') 
dev_display (Contours)
disp_message (WindowHandle, 'Model created', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
stop ()
* 
Score := []
select_obj (Contours, ObjectSelected, 1)
get_contour_xld (ObjectSelected, RowOrig, ColOrig)
NotFound := []
TrackingFailed := []
list_files('E:/anglePicture/lew/term', 'files', Files)
tuple_regexp_select (Files, ['.*(bmp|jpg)','ignore_case'], Files)
NumImages := 100

tuple_regexp_select (Files, ['\\.(tif|tiff|gif|bmp|jpg|jpeg|jp2|png|pcx|pgm|ppm|pbm|xwd|ima)$','ignore_case'], ImageFiles)  
for Index := 0 to |ImageFiles| - 1 by 1
    read_image (Image, ImageFiles[Index])
    wait_seconds (0.05)
    TrackingTime := 0
    * Either it is the first image, and one needs to perform full search,
    * or else the algorithm lost track of the object, and needs to start
    * all over again
*     if (|Score| > 0)
        * Keep track of the object: project the image with the pose that the object had
        * in the previous image. The assumption is that the pose does not change much
        * from image to image (see parameter AngleExtentTracking). Update the pose after
        * successful search
        try
            count_seconds (S1)
            find_planar_uncalib_deformable_model (Image, ModelID, rad(-AngleExtentTracking / 2), rad(AngleExtentTracking), 1, 1 + ScaleROffset, 1, 1 + ScaleCOffset, MinScoreTracking, 1, 1, 0, 0.9, [], [], HomMat2DTrack, Score)
            hom_mat2d_invert (HomMat2DTrack, HomMat2DInvert)
            projective_trans_image (Image, TransImage, HomMat2DInvert, 'bilinear', 'false', 'false')
            reduce_domain (TransImage, Circle, ImageReduced)
            crop_domain(ImageReduced, ImagePart)
            count_seconds (S2)
            dev_set_color ('green')
        catch (Exception)
            TrackingTime := S2 - S1
            TrackingFailed := [TrackingFailed,Index]
        endtry
*     endif
endfor


get_image_size (ImagePart, Width, Height)

    * Measure 03: Code generated by Measure 03
    * Measure 03: Prepare measurement
    AmplitudeThreshold := 40
    RoiWidthLen2 := 5
    set_system ('int_zooming', 'true')
    * Measure 03: Coordinates for line Measure 03 [0]
    LineRowStart_Measure_03_0 :=Height/2
    LineColumnStart_Measure_03_0 := 0
    LineRowEnd_Measure_03_0 := Height/2
    LineColumnEnd_Measure_03_0 := Width
    * Measure 03: Convert coordinates to rectangle2 type
    TmpCtrl_Row := 0.5*(LineRowStart_Measure_03_0+LineRowEnd_Measure_03_0)
    TmpCtrl_Column := 0.5*(LineColumnStart_Measure_03_0+LineColumnEnd_Measure_03_0)
    TmpCtrl_Dr := LineRowStart_Measure_03_0-LineRowEnd_Measure_03_0
    TmpCtrl_Dc := LineColumnEnd_Measure_03_0-LineColumnStart_Measure_03_0
    TmpCtrl_Phi := atan2(TmpCtrl_Dr, TmpCtrl_Dc)
    TmpCtrl_Len1 := 0.5*sqrt(TmpCtrl_Dr*TmpCtrl_Dr + TmpCtrl_Dc*TmpCtrl_Dc)
    TmpCtrl_Len2 := RoiWidthLen2
    * Measure 03: Create measure for line Measure 03 [0]
    * Measure 03: Attention: This assumes all images have the same size!
    gen_measure_rectangle2 (TmpCtrl_Row, TmpCtrl_Column, TmpCtrl_Phi, TmpCtrl_Len1, TmpCtrl_Len2, Width, Height, 'nearest_neighbor', MsrHandle_Measure_03_0)
    * Measure 03: ***************************************************************
    * Measure 03: * The code which follows is to be executed once / measurement *
    * Measure 03: ***************************************************************
    * Measure 03: The image is assumed to be made available in the
    * Measure 03: variable last displayed in the graphics window
    copy_obj (ImagePart, Image, 1, 1)
    * Measure 03: Execute measurements
    measure_pos (Image, MsrHandle_Measure_03_0, 1, AmplitudeThreshold, 'all', 'all', Row_Measure_03_0, Column_Measure_03_0, Amplitude_Measure_03_0, Distance_Measure_03_0)

🔵 四、圆形卡尺的配合使用示例

对于圆孔或螺丝孔等特征，可以使用 gen_measure_circle 配合 measure_pos 或 measure_arc 实现：


* 创建圆形卡尺
gen_measure_circle(Row, Column, Radius,
                   Width, Height, 'bilinear', MeasureHandle)

* 查找圆边缘
measure_pos(Image, MeasureHandle, Sigma, Threshold,
            'all', 'all', RowEdge, ColumnEdge, Amplitude, Distance)

然后拟合圆或计算半径、圆心位置等。

🧠 五、小技巧与建议

目的	技巧
提高鲁棒性	在模板匹配中使用多个角度范围
测量稳定性	卡尺区域设置要略大于边缘区域，避免误检
多产品适应	支持多个模板，根据匹配结果选择不同测量路径
数据输出	可导出为 CSV 或画到 UI 中进行展示、判断