Rabbitmq交换机模式

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-07 14:12:25 发布

raysy

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-07 14:12:25 发布

阅读量151

点赞数

文章标签： rabbitmq 交换机

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_45820252/article/details/119598179

版权

本文详细介绍了RabbitMQ中的四种消息路由模式：无名交换机，扇出模式，直连模式和主题模式。在无名交换机中，所有消费者通过竞争获取所有消息；扇出模式下，所有绑定到同一交换机的队列都能接收到所有消息；直连模式基于routingkey将消息发送到特定队列；而主题模式允许使用正则表达式匹配routingkey，实现更灵活的消息路由。通过这些模式，开发者可以根据需求选择合适的消息传递方式。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

完整架构: 生产者 - 信道 - (broker : 交换机 - 队列) - 信道 - 消费者

通过交换机来绑定队列可以实现多种消息传递到消费者的方式:

无名Exchange:写routingkey,exchange为null,即使用默认的交换机,所以的消费者通过竞争的方式可以获取全部消息,但是消息只可以获取一次,即一条消息只可以被一个消费者消费

fanout(扇出)模式:不用填写routingkey,绑定同一交换机的队列都可以接收全部消息,一条消息可以被所有绑定到这个交换机的队列的消费者消费

消费者1:

public class ReceiveLogs01 {
    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
        // 声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"fanout");
        /*
          声明一个临时队列
          生成一个临时队列,名字随机
          当消费者断开连接之后,队列自动删除
         */
        String queue = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        channel.queueBind(queue,EXCHANGE_NAME,"");
        System.out.println("等待接收消息,把接收消息打印在屏幕上...");
        channel.basicConsume(queue,true,((consumerTag, message) -> System.out.println("接收到的消息:"+new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))), consumerTag -> {});
    }
}

消费者2:

public class ReceiveLogs02 {
    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
        // 声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"fanout");
        /*
          声明一个临时队列
          生成一个临时队列,名字随机
          当消费者断开连接之后,队列自动删除
         */
        String queue = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        channel.queueBind(queue,EXCHANGE_NAME,"");
        System.out.println("等待接收消息,把接收消息打印在屏幕上...");
        channel.basicConsume(queue,true,((consumerTag, message) -> System.out.println("接收到的消息:"+new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))), consumerTag -> {});
    }
}

生产者:

public class EmitLog {

    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (scanner.hasNext()){
            String message = scanner.next();
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"", MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        }
    }
}

direct(直连)模式:根据routingkey来指定要发送到的队列,绑定到同一个交换机的队列绑定各自的routingkey,只有满足routingkey才能接收消息,消息只被消费一次,如果使用同一个routingkey就类似于扇出模式.

消费者1:

public class ReceiveLogsDirect01 {

    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        channel.queueDeclare("console",false,false,false,null);
        channel.queueBind("console",EXCHANGE_NAME,"info");
        channel.queueBind("console",EXCHANGE_NAME,"warning");
        channel.basicConsume("console",true,((consumerTag, message) -> System.out.println("接收到的消息:"+new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))), consumerTag -> {});

    }   
}

消费者2:

public class ReceiveLogsDirect02 {

    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        channel.queueDeclare("disk",false,false,false,null);
        channel.queueBind("disk",EXCHANGE_NAME,"error");
        channel.basicConsume("disk",true,((consumerTag, message) -> System.out.println("接收到的消息:"+new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))), consumerTag -> {});
    }   
}

生产者:

public class DirectLogs {

    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (scanner.hasNext()){
            String message = scanner.next();
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"info", MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        }
    }
}

topic(主题)模式:主题模式主要是对routingkey做了一个正则的判断,*表示一个单词,#表示零个或多个单词,只要正则正确就可以获取到消息,消息可以被不同消费者消费.

消费者:

public class ReceiveLogsTopic01 {

    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);
        channel.queueDeclare("Q1",false,false,false,null);
        channel.queueBind("Q1",EXCHANGE_NAME,"*.orange.*");
        channel.basicConsume("Q1",true,(consumerTag, message) -> System.out.println("收到的信息:"+new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)+"绑定键为:"+message.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey()),consumerTag -> {});
    }
}

public class ReceiveLogsTopic02 {

    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);
        channel.queueDeclare("Q2",false,false,false,null);
        channel.queueBind("Q2",EXCHANGE_NAME,"*.*.rabbit");
        channel.queueBind("Q2",EXCHANGE_NAME,"lazy.#");
        channel.basicConsume("Q2",true,(consumerTag, message) -> System.out.println("收到的信息:"+new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)+"绑定键为:"+message.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey()),consumerTag -> {});
    }
}

生产者:

public class EmitLogTopic {

    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);
        Map<String,String> bindingKeyMap = new HashMap<>();
        bindingKeyMap.put("quick.orange.rabbit","被队列Q1Q2接收到");
        bindingKeyMap.put("lazy.orange.elephant","被队列Q1Q2接收到");
        bindingKeyMap.put("quick.orange.fox","被队列Q1接收到");
        bindingKeyMap.put("lazy.brown,fox","被队列Q2接收到");
        bindingKeyMap.put("lazy.pink.rabbit","虽然满足两个绑定到Q2但是只接收一次");
        bindingKeyMap.put("quick.brown.fox","不匹配任何绑定");
        bindingKeyMap.put("quick.orange.male.rabbit","四个单词不匹配");
        bindingKeyMap.put("lazy.orange.male.rabbit","四个单词但是匹配Q2接收");
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> bindingKeyEntry : bindingKeyMap.entrySet()) {
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,bindingKeyEntry.getKey(), MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,bindingKeyEntry.getValue().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            System.out.println("生产者发出消息: "+bindingKeyEntry.getValue());
        }
    }
}