本文介绍了BCrypt，一种流行的加密算法，适用于数据库中存储加密数据。内容包括BCrypt的发音、工具链接以及其在防止密码泄露方面的优势。通过引入依赖，使用随机盐值进行加密和解密操作，并讨论了加盐的重要性以增强密码安全性。同时，文章提供了一些源码参考。
说明：
BCrypt读法：[bkrɪpt]
BCrypt工具：http://www.mindrot.org/projects/jBCrypt/#download
BCrypt是比较流行的加密算法，相比MD5。BCrypt还是比较多，在数据库存加密数据方面很实用。Spring Security里面集成了BCrypt的算法，但是普通项目可以下载BCypt的库，其实也就一个.java文件，把他放到项目中，在用户注册是对其提交过来的秘密加密，这里粗略介绍这个工具类。
使用
1、引入依赖
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mindrot/jbcrypt -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mindrot</groupId>
<artifactId>jbcrypt</artifactId>
<version>0.4</version>
</dependency>
2、生成随机盐值，加密，解密
如果两个人或多个人的密码相同，加密后保存会得到相同的结果。破一个就可以破一片的密码。如果名为A的用户可以查看数据库，那么他可以观察到自己的密码和别人的密码加密后的结果都是一样，那么，别人用的和自己就是同一个密码，这样，就可以利用别人的身份登录了。
其实只要稍微混淆一下就能防范住了，这在加密术语中称为“加盐”。具体来说就是在原有材料（用户自定义密码）中加入其它成分（一般是用户自有且不变的因素），以此来增加系统复杂度。当这种盐和用户密码相结合后，再通过摘要处理，就能得到隐蔽性更强的摘要值。
String password = "123456";
/**
* 生成随机的盐
*/
System.out.println(BCrypt.gensalt());
/**
* 对密码password 进行加密
*
* @param password： 密码
* @param salt ： 盐值
*/
String hashPw = BCrypt.hashpw(password,BCrypt.gensalt() );
System.out.println(hashPw);
-------------------------------------------------
hashPw ：$2a$10$RMTHiyB/nVuCtuIQEVDV5O8SpYq8C0SLCUsmt12EUJRhMUvn99o3G
-------------------------------------------------
/**
* 对密码password 进行解密
*
* @param hashPw : 是加密后的密码
* @param password : 是用户输入的密码
* @return : true:说明密码匹配成功，false：说明两个密码不一样
*/
Boolean checkPw = BCrypt.checkpw(password, hashPw);
-------------------------------------------------
checkPw ：true 或 false
-------------------------------------------------
源码
// Copyright (c) 2006 Damien Miller <djm@mindrot.org>
//
// Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
// purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
// copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
// WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
// ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
// WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
// ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
// OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
package org.mindrot.jbcrypt;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
/**
* BCrypt implements OpenBSD-style Blowfish password hashing using
* the scheme described in "A Future-Adaptable Password Scheme" by
* Niels Provos and David Mazieres.
* <p>
* This password hashing system tries to thwart off-line password
* cracking using a computationally-intensive hashing algorithm,
* based on Bruce Schneier's Blowfish cipher. The work factor of
* the algorithm is parameterised, so it can be increased as
* computers get faster.
* <p>
* Usage is really simple. To hash a password for the first time,
* call the hashpw method with a random salt, like this:
* <p>
* <code>
* String pw_hash = BCrypt.hashpw(plain_password, BCrypt.gensalt()); <br />
* </code>
* <p>
* To check whether a plaintext password matches one that has been
* hashed previously, use the checkpw method:
* <p>
* <code>
* if (BCrypt.checkpw(candidate_password, stored_hash))<br />
* System.out.println("It matches");<br />
* else<br />
* System.out.println("It does not match");<br />
* </code>
* <p>
* The gensalt() method takes an optional parameter (log_rounds)
* that determines the computational complexity of the hashing:
* <p>
* <code>
* String strong_salt = BCrypt.gensalt(10)<br />
* String stronger_salt = BCrypt.gensalt(12)<br />
* </code>
* <p>
* The amount of work increases exponentially (2**log_rounds), so
* each increment is twice as much work. The default log_rounds is
* 10, and the valid range is 4 to 30.
*
* @author Damien Miller
* @version 0.2
*/
public class BCrypt {
// BCrypt parameters
private static final int GENSALT_DEFAULT_LOG2_ROUNDS = 10;
private static final int BCRYPT_SALT_LEN = 16;
// Blowfish parameters
private static final int BLOWFISH_NUM_ROUNDS = 16;
// Initial contents of key schedule
private static final int P_orig[] = {
0x243f6a88, 0x85a308d3, 0x13198a2e, 0x03707344,
0xa4093822, 0x299f31d0, 0x082efa98, 0xec4e6c89,
0x452821e6, 0x38d01377, 0xbe5466cf, 0x34e90c6c,
0xc0ac29b7, 0xc97c50dd, 0x3f84d5b5, 0xb5470917,
0x9216d5d9, 0x8979fb1b
};
private static final int S_orig[] = {
0xd1310ba6, 0x98dfb5ac, 0x2ffd72db, 0xd01adfb7,
0xb8e1afed, 0x6a267e96, 0xba7c9045, 0xf12c7f99,
0x24a19947, 0xb3916cf7, 0x0801f2e2, 0x858efc16,
0x636920d8, 0x71574e69, 0xa458fea3, 0xf4933d7e,
0x0d95748f, 0x728eb658, 0x718bcd58, 0x82154aee,
0x7b54a41d, 0xc25a59b5, 0x9c30d539, 0x2af26013,
0xc5d1b023, 0x286085f0, 0xca417918, 0xb8db38ef,
0x8e79dcb0, 0x603a180e, 0x6c9e0e8b, 0xb01e8a3e,
0xd71577c1, 0xbd314b27, 0x78af2fda, 0x55605c60,
0xe65525f3, 0xaa55ab94, 0x57489862, 0x63e81440,
0x55ca396a, 0x2aab10b6, 0xb4cc5c34, 0x1141e8ce,
0xa15486af, 0x7c72e993, 0xb3ee1411, 0x636fbc2a,
0x2ba9c55d, 0x741831f6, 0xce5c3e16, 0x9b87931e,
0xafd6ba33, 0x6c24cf5c, 0x7a325381, 0x28958677,
0x3b8f4898, 0x6b4bb9af, 0xc4bfe81b, 0x66282193,
0x61d809cc, 0xfb21a991, 0x487cac60, 0x5dec8032,
0xef845d5d, 0xe98575b1, 0xdc262302, 0xeb651b88,
0x23893e81, 0xd396acc5, 0x0f6d6ff3, 0x83f44239,
0x2e0b4482, 0xa4842004, 0x69c8f04a, 0x9e1f9b5e,
0x21c66842, 0xf6e96c9a, 0x670c9c61, 0xabd388f0,
0x6a51a0d2, 0xd8542f68, 0x960fa728, 0xab5133a3,
0x6eef0b6c, 0x137a3be4, 0xba3bf050, 0x7efb2a98,
0xa1f1651d, 0x39af0176, 0x66ca593e, 0x82430e88,
0x8cee8619, 0x456f9fb4, 0x7d84a5c3, 0x3b8b5ebe,
0xe06f75d8, 0x85c12073, 0x401a449f, 0x56c16aa6,
0x4ed3aa62, 0x363f7706, 0x1bfedf72, 0x429b023d,
0x37d0d724, 0xd00a1248, 0xdb0fead3, 0x49f1c09b,
0x075372c9, 0x80991b7b, 0x25d479d8, 0xf6e8def7,
0xe3fe501a, 0xb6794c3b, 0x976ce0bd, 0x04c006ba,
0xc1a94fb6, 0x409f60c4, 0x5e5c9ec2, 0x196a2463,
0x68fb6faf, 0x3e6c53b5, 0x1339b2eb, 0x3b52ec6f,
0x6dfc511f, 0x9b30952c, 0xcc814544, 0xaf5ebd09,
0xbee3d004, 0xde334afd, 0x660f2807, 0x192e4bb3,
0xc0cba857, 0x45c8740f, 0xd20b5f39, 0xb9d3fbdb,
0x5579c0bd, 0x1a60320a, 0xd6a100c6, 0x402c7279,
0x679f25fe, 0xfb1fa3cc, 0x8ea5e9f8, 0xdb3222f8,
0x3c7516df, 0xfd616b15, 0x2f501ec8, 0xad0552ab,
0x323db5fa, 0xfd238760, 0x53317b48, 0x3e00df82,
0x9e5c57bb, 0xca6f8ca0, 0x1a87562e, 0xdf1769db,
0xd542a8f6, 0x287effc3, 0xac6732c6, 0x8c4f5573,
0x695b27b0, 0xbbca58c8, 0xe1ffa35d, 0xb8f011a0,
0x10fa3d98, 0xfd2183b8, 0x4afcb56c, 0x2dd1d35b,
0x9a53e479, 0xb6f84565, 0xd28e49bc, 0x4bfb9790,
0xe1ddf2da, 0xa4cb7e33, 0x62fb1341, 0xcee4c6e8,
0xef20cada, 0x36774c01, 0xd07e9efe, 0x2bf11fb4,
0x95dbda4d, 0xae909198, 0xeaad8e71, 0x6b93d5a0,
0xd08ed1d0, 0xafc725e0, 0x8e3c5b2f, 0x8e7594b7,
0x8ff6e2fb, 0xf2122b64, 0x8888b812, 0x900df01c,
0x4fad5ea0, 0x688fc31c, 0xd1cff191, 0xb3a8c1ad,
0x2f2f2218, 0xbe0e1777, 0xea752dfe, 0x8b021fa1,
0xe5a0cc0f, 0xb56f74e8, 0x18acf3d6, 0xce89e299,
0xb4a84fe0, 0xfd13e0b7, 0x7cc43b81, 0xd2ada8d9,
0x165fa266, 0x80957705, 0x93cc7314, 0x211a1477,
0xe6ad2065, 0x77b5fa86, 0xc75442f5, 0xfb9d35cf,
0xebcdaf0c, 0x7b3e89a0, 0xd6411bd3, 0xae1e7e49,
0x00250e2d, 0x2071b35e, 0x226800bb, 0x57b8e0af,
0x2464369b, 0xf009b91e, 0x5563911d, 0x59dfa6aa,
0x78c14389, 0xd95a537f, 0x207d5ba2, 0x02e5b9c5,
0x83260376, 0x6295cfa9, 0x11c81968, 0x4e734a41,
0xb3472dca, 0x7b14a94a, 0x1b510052, 0x9a532915,
0xd60f573f, 0xbc9bc6e4, 0x2b60a476, 0x81e67400,
0x08ba6fb5, 0x571be91f, 0xf296ec6b, 0x2a0dd915,
0xb6636521, 0xe7b9f9b6, 0xff34052e, 0xc5855664,
0x53b02d5d, 0xa99f8fa1, 0x08ba4799, 0x6e85076a,
0x4b7a70e9, 0xb5b32944, 0xdb75092e, 0xc4192623,
0xad6ea6b0, 0x49a7df7d, 0x9cee60b8, 0x8fedb266,
0xecaa8c71, 0x699a17ff, 0x5664526c, 0xc2b19ee1,
0x193602a5, 0x75094c29, 0xa0591340, 0xe4183a3e,
0x3f54989a, 0x5b429d65, 0x6b8fe4d6, 0x99f73fd6,
0xa1d29c07, 0xefe830f5, 0x4d2d38e6, 0xf0255dc1,
0x4cdd2086, 0x8470eb26, 0x6382e9c6, 0x021ecc5e,
0x09686b3f, 0x3ebaefc9, 0x3c971814, 0x6b6a70a
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