Python进阶：一、面向对象编程1(对象、成员变量、成员方法、魔术方法、封装、继承)

# 一、类
# 1.设计一个类:一张登记表
class Student:
    name = None
    gender = None
    nationality = None
    native_place = None
    age = None


# 2.创建一个对象：打印一张登记表
stu_1 = Student()
# 3.对象属性进行赋值
stu_1.name = "吉吉国王"
stu_1.gender = "男"
stu_1.nationality = "中国"
stu_1.native_place = "四川省"
# 4.获取对象中记录的信息
print(stu_1.name)
print(stu_1.gender)
print(stu_1.nationality)
print(stu_1.native_place)


# 二、成员方法
class Student:
    name = None

    def say_hi(self):
        print(f"大家好呀，我是{self.name}")

    def say_hi2(self, msg):
        print(f"大家好，我是：{self.name}, {msg}")


stu1 = Student()
stu1.name = "吉吉国王"
stu1.say_hi2("hahaha")

stu2 = Student()
stu2.name = "李华"
stu2.say_hi2("啊哈哈哈")


# 三、面向对象编程
# 1. 创建一个闹钟类
class Clock:
    id = None
    price = None

    def ring(self):
        import winsound
        winsound.Beep(2000, 3000)


# 2. 创建闹钟对象让其工作
clock1 = Clock()
clock1.id = "003032"
clock1.price = 19.99
print(f"闹钟ID{clock1.id},价格{clock1.price}")
clock1.ring()


# 四、构造方法：__init__方法
class Student:
    name = None  # 成员方法可不写
    age = None
    tel = None

    def __init__(self, name, age, tel):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.tel = tel
        print("Student类创建了一个类对象")


stu1 = Student("吉吉国王", 31, 110)
print(stu1.name)
print(stu1.age)
print(stu1.tel)


# 五、魔术方法：内置方法（如__init__方法）
class Student:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    # 1. 字符串方法：__str__
    def __str__(self):
        return f"Student类对象，name:{self.name},age:{self.age}"

    # 2. 大小比较：__lt__
    def __lt__(self, other):
        return self.age < other.age

    # 3. <=,>=比较:__le__
    def __le__(self, other):
        return self.age <= other.age

    # 4. 相等判断：__eq__
    def __eq__(self, other):
        return self.age == other.age

stu1 = Student("吉吉国王", 21)
stu2 = Student("吉吉国王", 25)
print(stu1)
print(str(stu1))
print(stu1 < stu2)
print(stu1 > stu2)
print(stu1 >= stu2)
print(stu1 == stu2)

# 六、封装
# 1.私有成员和私有方法
class Phone:
    __current_voltage = None  # 手机运行电压

    def __kepp_single_core(self):
        print("让CPU以单核运行")

phone =Phone()
phone.__keep_single_core  # 均无法使用
peint(phone.__current_voltage)

# 但是可以在类对象内部使用
class Phone:
    __current_voltage = 0.1  # 手机运行电压

    def __kepp_single_core(self):
        print("让CPU以单核运行")

    def call_by_5G(self):
        if self.__current_voltage >= 1:
            print("5G通话已开启")
        else:
            self.__kepp_single_core()
            print("电量不足，无法使用5G通话，并设置为单核运行")

phone = Phone()
phone.call_by_5G()

# 案例
class Phone:
    __is_5G_enable = False

    def __cheak_5G(self):
        if self.__is_5G_enable:
            print("5G开启")
        else:
            print("5G关闭，使用4G")

    def call_by_5G(self):
        self.__cheak_5G()
        print("正在通话中")

phone = Phone()
phone.call_by_5G()

# 七、继承
# 1. 单继承
class Phone:
    IMEI = None
    producer = "Xiaomi"

    def call_by_4G(self):
        print("4G通话")

class Phone2024(Phone): # 新功能
    face_id = "10001"

    def call_by_5G(self):
        print("5G通话")

phone = Phone2024()
print(phone.producer)
phone.call_by_4G()
phone.call_by_5G()

# 2. 多继承
class NFC:
    nfc_type = "第五代"
    producer = "HM"

    def read_card(self):
        print("NFC读卡")

    def write_card(self):
        print("NFC写卡")

class RemoteControl:
    rc_type = "红外遥控"

    def control(self):
        print("红外遥控开启了")

class MyPhone(Phone, NFC, RemoteControl):
    pass  # pass关键字用于补充语法

phone = MyPhone()
phone.call_by_4G()
phone.read_card()
phone.write_card()
phone.control()
# 同名成员，左边优先级最高
print(phone.producer)