Ribbon负载均衡和Feign消费者调用服务

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-16 21:36:13 发布

Dawn.x

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-16 21:36:13 发布

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文章标签： ribbon spring cloud

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_45510899/article/details/111056517

版权

本文介绍了Ribbon负载均衡器的使用方法，包括客户端集成、声明式服务调用及与Eureka的配合使用。同时，详细讲解了如何利用Feign简化服务间调用流程。

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Ribbon负载均衡介绍

上篇博文写了eureka服务的注册和发现，以及它的集群，但是关于集群调用服务提供者并没有讲，也就是当服务提供者其中一个节点挂掉，并没有介绍怎么去处理以及避免

Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器，它有助于控制HTTP和TCP的客户端的行为。为Ribbon配置服务提供者地址后，Ribbon就可基于某种负载均衡算法，自动地帮助服务消费者去请求。Ribbon默认为我们提供了很多负载均衡算法，例如轮询、随机等。当然，我们也可为Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法. 在Spring Cloud中，当Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时，Ribbon可自动从Eureka Server获取服务提供者地址列表，并基于负载均衡算法，请求其中一个服务提供者实例。展示了Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时的架构

在这里插入图片描述

客户端集成Ribbon负载均衡

Ribbon是客户端负载均衡，所以肯定集成再消费端，也就是consumer端

在客户端添加pom依赖

     <!--ribbon相关依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>

yml配置

server:
  port: 80
  context-path: /
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.xiaoyang.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.xiaoyang.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.xiaoyang.com:2003/eureka/
    register-with-eureka: false

SpringCloudConfig 负载均衡配置

@LoadBalanced

package com.xiaoyang.microservicestudentconsumer80.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {

//    消费者访问生产者代码（服务a和服务器b通信）
    @LoadBalanced//引入ribbon负载均衡
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

因为和eureka整合，所以启动类StudentConsumerApplication_80 加个注解 @EnableEurekaClient

package com.xiaoyang.microservicestudentconsumer80;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application.class, args);
    }

}

这里还有一个，要修改下StudentConsumerController的PRE_HOST，改成指定的微服务应用名称；
当然这里要先在服务提供者microservice-student-provider-1001(或者三合一的服务提供配置中)的application.yml加下配置，指定下应用名称：

在这里插入图片描述
我们的微服务应用名称是 microservice-student
所以服务调用者这边的控制器里PRE_HOST改成 http://MICROSERVICE-STUDENT即可；
MICROSERVICE-STUDENT为Eureka注册中心的应用名称

在这里插入图片描述
前面搭建了初步例子，但是还没实现真正负载均衡，我们这里要先搞三个服务提供者集群，然后才能演示负载均衡，以及负载均衡策略

三合一：

---
server:
  port: 1001
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: xiaoyang
    password: 123
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  profiles: provider-1001

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
    appname: microservice-student
    instance-id: microservice-student:1001
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.xiaoyang.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.xiaoyang.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.xiaoyang.com:2003/eureka/

info:
  groupId: com.xiaoyang.testSpringcloud
  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1001
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  userName: http://xiaoyang.com
  phone: 123456

---
server:
  port: 1002
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: xiaoyang
    password: 123
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  profiles: provider-1002

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
    appname: microservice-student
    instance-id: microservice-student:1002
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.xiaoyang.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.xiaoyang.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.xiaoyang.com:2003/eureka/

info:
  groupId: com.xiaoyang.testSpringcloud
  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1002
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  userName: http://xiaoyang.com
  phone: 123456

---
server:
  port: 1003
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: xiaoyang
    password: 123
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  profiles: provider-1003

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
    appname: microservice-student
    instance-id: microservice-student:1003
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.xiaoyang.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.xiaoyang.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.xiaoyang.com:2003/eureka/

info:
  groupId: com.xiaoyang.testSpringcloud
  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1003
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  userName: http://xiaoyang.com
  phone: 123456

controller

package com.xiaoyang.microservicestudentprovider.controller;

import com.xiaoyang.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import com.xiaoyang.microservicestudentprovider.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentProviderController {

    @Autowired
    private StudentService studentService;


    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String port;

    @RequestMapping("/ribbon")
    public String ribbon() {
        return "工号【" + port + "】正在为您服务";
    }

    @PostMapping(value = "/save")
    public boolean save(Student student) {
        try {
            studentService.save(student);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/list")
    public List<Student> list() {
        return studentService.list();
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/get/{id}")
    public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return studentService.findById(id);
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/delete/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        try {
            studentService.delete(id);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

现在就可以启动服务进行查看了
多刷新几次看控制台，我们看到有默认的轮询策略，访问对应的服务提供者（负载均衡会轮询服务提供者的节点）
但是这种默认的轮询策略肯定是不能满足实际需求的，比如有3个服务提供者，突然挂了一个，这样的话，默认轮询，总有1/3的概率访问失败；所以我们看下ribbon默认给我们提供的策略有哪些：
在这里插入图片描述消费者配置类

 /**
     * 自定义调用规则（服务提供者掉线后不再调用，解决轮询问题）
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public IRule myRule(){
        return new RetryRule();
//        return new RandomRule();
    }

我们可以同时启动三个服务，断掉一个01服务节点，当负载均衡的轮询机制刷新到01时，则不会将报错信息显示，如果没有配置重试策略机制，则会在访问页面显示报错信息。当01节点重新启动服务，轮询机制会它重新加回轮询中，此时这个节点又可以访问了…

声明式服务调用Feign

前面Ribbon调用服务提供者，我们通过restTemplate调用，缺点是，多个地方调用，同一个请求要写多次，不方便统一维护，这时候Feign来了，就直接把请求统一搞一个service作为FeignClient，然后其他调用Controller需要用到的，直接注入service，直接调用service方法即可；同时Feign整合了Ribbon和Eureka，所以要配置负载均衡的话，直接配置Ribbon即可，无其他特殊地方；当然Fiegn也整合了服务容错保护，断路器Hystrix
应用：
在common项目里建一个service（实际项目肯定是多个service）作为Feign客户端，用Feign客户端来调用服务器提供者，当然可以配置负载均衡；Feign客户端定义的目的，就是为了方便给其他项目调用
pom.xml引入Feign依赖

<!--引入Feign依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

建StudentClientService接口

package com.xiaoyang.microservicecommon.service;

import com.xiaoyang.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Student Feign接口客户端
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@FeignClient(value="MICROSERVICE-STUDENT")
public interface StudentClientService {
 
    /**
     * 根据id查询学生信息
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value="/student/get/{id}")
    public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
     
    /**
     * 查询学生信息
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value="/student/list")
    public List<Student> list();
     
    /**
     * 添加或者修改学生信息
     * @param student
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping(value="/student/save")
    public boolean save(Student student);
     
    /**
     * 根据id删除学生信息
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value="/student/delete/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    @RequestMapping("/student/ribbon")
    public String ribbon();
}

microservice-student-consumer-feign-80引入和原microservice-student-consumer–80一样的配置（多了一个Feign依赖）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.xiaoyang</groupId>
        <artifactId>microservice</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>microservice-student-consumer-feign-80</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--  修改后立即生效，热部署  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--ribbon相关依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.xiaoyang</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--引入Feign依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

启动类加上注解

@EnableFeignClients(value = "com.xiaoyang.*.*")

controller

package com.xiaoyang.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.controller;

import com.xiaoyang.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import com.xiaoyang.microservicecommon.service.StudentClientService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentConsumerController {

    @Autowired
    private StudentClientService studentClientService;

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @PostMapping(value = "/save")
    private boolean save(Student student) {
        return studentClientService.save(student);
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/list")
    public List<Student> list() {
        return studentClientService.list();
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/get/{id}")
    public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return studentClientService.get(id);
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/delete/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        try {
            studentClientService.delete(id);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping("/ribbon")
    public String ribbon(){
        return studentClientService.ribbon();
    }
}