面向对象编程（OOP）的核心是对象通过发送消息进行交互。每个对象都有自己的内存，包含其他对象，并根据接收到的消息执行相应的方法。OOP特性包括：一切皆为对象、程序由对象间的通信组成、对象拥有类型、同一类型的对象可以响应相同的消息。对象的接口定义了它如何接收消息，同时提供保护和通信。隐藏实现细节是封装的一部分，限制了对外部的访问，确保类内部的改变不会影响到客户端程序员。
Object Oriented Programming
Object send and receive messages(object do thing!).
Methods(Data)Methods(Data)
Objects send messages
Messages are:
-Composed by sender
-Interpreted by receiver
-Implemented by methods
Messages
-May cause receiver to change state.
-May return results
OOP Characteristics
1.Everything is an object.
2.A program is a bunch of objects telling each other what to do by sending messages.
3.Each object has its own memory made up of other objects.
4.Every object has a type. (Type first, object second. )
5.All objects of a particular type can receive the same messages. (All objects which can receive a particular type is of a particular type. )
An object has an interface
The interface is the way it receives messages.
It is defined in the class the object belong to.
Functions of the interface
communication &protection
The Hidden Implementation
Inner part of an object, data members to present its state, and the actions it takes when messages is rcvd is hidden.
Class creators vs. Client programmers
-Keep clients programmers' hands off portions they should not touch.
-Allow the class creators to change the internal working of the class without worrying about how it will affect the client programmes.
Encapsulation
Bundle data and methods dealing with these data together in an object.
Hide the details of the data and the action.
Restrict only access to the publicized methods.
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