Spring-AMQP(rabbitMQ)快速代码示例

springboot整合Spring-AMQP，向rabbitMQ快速发送/接受消息基础代码，先提前安装rabbitMQ，确保rabbitMQ正常运行。

项目结构为标准的SpringBoot结构

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.4.1</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>rabbitmq-study</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>rabbitmq-study</name>
    <description>rabbitmq-study</description>
    <url/>
    <licenses>
        <license/>
    </licenses>
    <developers>
        <developer/>
    </developers>
    <scm>
        <connection/>
        <developerConnection/>
        <tag/>
        <url/>
    </scm>
    <properties>
        <java.version>21</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.properties

server.port=8081
spring.application.name=rabbitmq-study
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=10000
spring.rabbitmq.cache.channel.size=25

主启动类

package org.example.rabbitmqstudy;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class RabbitmqStudyApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RabbitmqStudyApplication.class, args);
    }

}

RabbitMQConfig.java

package org.example.rabbitmqstudy.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * RabbitMQConfig
 * @date 2024/12/30
 */
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {

    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "my-topic-exchange";
    public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "my-queue";
    public static final String ROUTING_KEY = "my-routing-key";

    @Bean
    public Queue queue() {
        return new Queue(QUEUE_NAME, false);
    }

    @Bean
    TopicExchange exchange() {
        return new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME);
    }

    @Bean
    Binding binding(Queue queue, TopicExchange exchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(ROUTING_KEY);
    }
}

Producer

package org.example.rabbitmqstudy.producer;

import org.example.rabbitmqstudy.config.RabbitMQConfig;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class Producer {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public void sendMessage(String message) {
        System.out.println("Sending message: " + message);
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE_NAME, RabbitMQConfig.ROUTING_KEY, message);
    }
}

Consumer

package org.example.rabbitmqstudy.consumer;

import org.example.rabbitmqstudy.config.RabbitMQConfig;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class Consumer {

    @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitMQConfig.QUEUE_NAME)
    public void receiveMessage(String message) {
        System.out.println("Received message: " + message);
    }
}

Controller

package org.example.rabbitmqstudy.controller;

import org.example.rabbitmqstudy.producer.Producer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * MsgController
 * @date 2024/12/30
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("msg")
public class MsgController {

    @Autowired
    private Producer producer;

    @GetMapping("send/{message}")
    public String sendMessage(@PathVariable String message) {
        producer.sendMessage(message);
        return "Message sent: " + message;
    }

}

测试：启动主启动类，浏览器访问http://localhost:8081/msg/send/sss，控制台可看到如下信息，测试成功