面试经典算法题87-螺旋矩阵
公众号:阿Q技术站
LeetCode.54
问题描述
给你一个 m
行 n
列的矩阵 matrix
,请按照 顺时针螺旋顺序 ,返回矩阵中的所有元素。
示例 1:
输入:matrix = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
输出:[1,2,3,6,9,8,7,4,5]
示例 2:
输入:matrix = [[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]]
输出:[1,2,3,4,8,12,11,10,9,5,6,7]
思路
-
定义边界:初始化矩阵的四个边界:上边界
top
,下边界bottom
,左边界left
,右边界right
。 -
按顺时针方向遍历矩阵元素:
-
从左到右遍历上边界,之后上边界下移。
-
从上到下遍历右边界,之后右边界左移。
-
从右到左遍历下边界,之后下边界上移。
-
从下到上遍历左边界,之后左边界右移。
-
-
边界检查:
-
每次遍历后更新边界并检查是否越界。
-
如果
top > bottom
或left > right
,则遍历结束。
-
参考代码
C++
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
vector<int> spiralOrder(vector<vector<int>>& matrix) {
if (matrix.empty() || matrix[0].empty()) return {};
vector<int> result;
int top = 0, bottom = matrix.size() - 1;
int left = 0, right = matrix[0].size() - 1;
while (top <= bottom && left <= right) {
// 从左到右遍历上边界
for (int i = left; i <= right; ++i) {
result.push_back(matrix[top][i]);
}
++top;
// 从上到下遍历右边界
for (int i = top; i <= bottom; ++i) {
result.push_back(matrix[i][right]);
}
--right;
if (top <= bottom) {
// 从右到左遍历下边界
for (int i = right; i >= left; --i) {
result.push_back(matrix[bottom][i]);
}
--bottom;
}
if (left <= right) {
// 从下到上遍历左边界
for (int i = bottom; i >= top; --i) {
result.push_back(matrix[i][left]);
}
++left;
}
}
return result;
}
int main() {
vector<vector<int>> matrix = {{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}};
vector<int> result = spiralOrder(matrix);
cout << "顺时针螺旋顺序输出矩阵中的所有元素: ";
for (int num : result) {
cout << num << " ";
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
Java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class SpiralMatrix {
public static List<Integer> spiralOrder(int[][] matrix) {
List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
if (matrix == null || matrix.length == 0 || matrix[0].length == 0) {
return result;
}
int top = 0, bottom = matrix.length - 1;
int left = 0, right = matrix[0].length - 1;
while (top <= bottom && left <= right) {
// 从左到右遍历上边界
for (int i = left; i <= right; i++) {
result.add(matrix[top][i]);
}
top++;
// 从上到下遍历右边界
for (int i = top; i <= bottom; i++) {
result.add(matrix[i][right]);
}
right--;
if (top <= bottom) {
// 从右到左遍历下边界
for (int i = right; i >= left; i--) {
result.add(matrix[bottom][i]);
}
bottom--;
}
if (left <= right) {
// 从下到上遍历左边界
for (int i = bottom; i >= top; i--) {
result.add(matrix[i][left]);
}
left++;
}
}
return result;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] matrix1 = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};
System.out.println("顺时针螺旋顺序输出矩阵中的所有元素: " + spiralOrder(matrix1));
int[][] matrix2 = {
{1, 2, 3, 4},
{5, 6, 7, 8},
{9, 10, 11, 12}
};
System.out.println("顺时针螺旋顺序输出矩阵中的所有元素: " + spiralOrder(matrix2));
}
}
Python
def spiralOrder(matrix):
result = []
if not matrix:
return result
top, bottom = 0, len(matrix) - 1
left, right = 0, len(matrix[0]) - 1
while top <= bottom and left <= right:
# 从左到右遍历上边界
for i in range(left, right + 1):
result.append(matrix[top][i])
top += 1
# 从上到下遍历右边界
for i in range(top, bottom + 1):
result.append(matrix[i][right])
right -= 1
if top <= bottom:
# 从右到左遍历下边界
for i in range(right, left - 1, -1):
result.append(matrix[bottom][i])
bottom -= 1
if left <= right:
# 从下到上遍历左边界
for i in range(bottom, top - 1, -1):
result.append(matrix[i][left])
left += 1
return result
# 示例
matrix1 = [
[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9]
]
print("顺时针螺旋顺序输出矩阵中的所有元素:", spiralOrder(matrix1))
matrix2 = [
[1, 2, 3, 4],
[5, 6, 7, 8],
[9, 10, 11, 12]
]
print("顺时针螺旋顺序输出矩阵中的所有元素:", spiralOrder(matrix2))