2024美赛D题获奖思路：五大湖的水问题 Great Lakes Water Problem

解析：D题思路解析传送

背景
美国和加拿大的五大湖是世界上最大的淡水湖群
世界。五个湖泊和连接水道构成了一个巨大的流域，
包含这两个国家的许多大城市地区，气候多样，局部地区
天气状况。
湖水用于多种用途（钓鱼、娱乐、发电、饮用、
航运、动物和鱼类栖息地、建筑、灌溉等）。因此，种类繁多的
利益相关者对流入和流出湖泊的水的管理感兴趣。
特别是，如果从湖泊中排出的水太少或蒸发太少，则可能会发生洪水
沿岸的家庭和企业受到影响;如果排水过多，那么大型船只
无法通过水路运送物资和支持当地经济。主要的
问题在于调节水位，以便所有利益相关者都能受益。
每个湖泊的水位取决于进出湖泊的水量。这些
水平是温度、风、潮汐、降水、
蒸发、测深（湖底形状）、河流流量和径流、水库政策、
季节性周期和长期气候变化。有两种主要的控制机制
在五大湖系统的水流中 – Soo Locks 的补偿工程
苏圣玛丽（三座水电站、五座航闸和一座位于
急流）和康沃尔郡的摩西-桑德斯大坝，如附录所示。
而两控制坝、多渠道和运河，以及流域水库可能
由人类控制，降雨、蒸发、侵蚀、冰塞和其他水流的速度
现象是人为操纵无法企及的。当地司法管辖区的政策可能有
与预期不同的影响，流域的季节性和环境变化也是如此。
这些变化在tu
Background
The Great Lakes of the United States and Canada are the largest group of freshwater lakes in the
world. The five lakes and connecting waterways constitute a massive drainage basin that
contains many large urban areas in these two countries, with varied climate and localized
weather conditions.
The lakes’ water is used for many purposes (fishing, recreation, power generation, drinking,
shipping, animal and fish habitat, construction, irrigation, etc.). Consequently, a vast variety of
stakeholders have an interest in the management of the water that flows into and out of the lakes.
In particular, if too little water is drained or evaporates from the lakes, then flooding may occur
and homes and businesses along the shore suffer; if too much water is drained, then large ships
cannot travel through the waterways to bring supplies and support the local economy. The main
problem is regulating the water levels such that all stakeholders can benefit.
The water level in each lake is determined by how much water enters and leaves the lake. These
levels are the result of complex interactions among temperature, wind, tides, precipitation,
evaporation, bathymetry (the shape of the lake bottom), river flows and runoff, reservoir policies,
seasonal cycles, and long-term climate changes. There are two primary control mechanisms
within the flow of water in the Great Lakes system – Compensating Works of the Soo Locks at
Sault Ste. Marie (three hydropower plants, five navigation locks, and a gated dam at the head of
the rapids) and the Moses-Saunders Dam at Cornwall as indicated in the Addendum.
While the two control dams, many channels and canals, and the drainage basin reservoirs may be
controlled by humans, the rates of rain, evaporation, erosion, ice jams, and other water-flow
phenomena are beyond human manipulation. The policies of local jurisdictions may have
different effects than expected, as can seasonal and environmental changes in the water basin.
These changes in turn affect the ecosystem of the area, which impacts the health of the flora and
fauna found in and around the lakes and the residents that live in the water basin. Even though
the Great Lakes seem to have a regular annual pattern, a variance from normal of two to three
feet of water level can dramatically affect some of the stakeholders.
This dynamic network flow problem is “wicked” – exceptionally challenging to solve because of
interdependencies, complicated requirements, and inherent uncertainties. For the lake’s
problems, we have ever-changing dynamics and the conflicting interests of stakeholders.美赛、数学建模、美国大学生数学建模、美赛思路、美国大学生数学建模思路、2024美赛、2024美国大学生数学建模竞赛、2024美赛思路、2024美赛数据、2024美赛A题、2024美赛B题、2024美赛C题、2024美赛D题、2024美赛E题、2024美赛F题、 2024美赛数据、2024美赛论文、2024美赛解析、2024美赛思路、美国大学生数学建模竞赛思路、美赛解析、美赛免费思路