GUI编程

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-17 17:01:31 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-05-17 17:01:31 发布

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分类专栏： Java 文章标签： java 开发语言

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GUI编程

告诉大家怎么学

这是什么?
它怎么玩?
该如何去我们平时运用?

组件

窗口
弹窗
面板
文本框
列表框
按钮
图片
监听事件
鼠标事件
键盘事件
破解工具

1、简介

GUI的核心技术:Swing ,AWT

界面不美观
需要jre环境

为什么我们要学习?

可以写出自己心中想要的小工具
工作时候,也可能需要维护Swing界面,概率极小
了解MVC架构,了解监听

2、AWT

2.1、Awt介绍

包含了很多类和接口,GUI
元素: 窗口、按钮、文本框
java.awt

2.2 、组件和容器

1. Frame

弹出单个窗口

import java.awt.*;
//GUI的第一个程序
public class GuiProject {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("第一个GUI窗口程序");

        frame.setVisible(true);//设置窗口可见性

        frame.setSize(400,200);//设置窗口大小

        frame.setBackground(new Color(0x0F0FC0));//升值窗口颜色

        frame.setLocation(200,200);//设置窗口起始位置

        frame.setResizable(false);//设置窗口大小是否可调,默认为true
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

现在的问题:无法关闭窗口,需要停止java程序

弹出多个窗口

import java.awt.*;

public class MultipleWindows {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            new MyFrame(i%20*80,i/20*200,400,400,new Color(i*100));
        }
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int id=0;
    MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("第"+(++id)+"个窗口");
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);//设置窗口大小和位置
        setVisible(true);//设置窗口可见性
        setBackground(color);//设置窗口颜色
    }
}

2.面板Panel

解决了窗口关闭问题

public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();//创建窗口
        Panel panel = new Panel();//创建面板

        frame.setVisible(true);//设置可见性
        frame.setBackground(Color.blue);//设置颜色
        frame.setBounds(200,200,500,500);//设置窗口位置大小

        panel.setBackground(Color.cyan);//设置面板颜色
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);//设置面板位置大小
        frame.setLayout(null);//设置布局
        frame.add(panel);//添加面板到窗口
        //监听窗口事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {//监听关闭按钮
                System.exit(0);//退出进程
            }
        });
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

2.3、布局管理器

流式布局

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TasteFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");

        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));//中心
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));//右
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEADING));//左
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(0x8C2424));
        frame.add(button1);//添加按钮
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        //监听窗口事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {//监听关闭按钮
                System.exit(0);//退出进程
            }
        });
    }
}

东西南北中

import java.awt.*;

public class TasteBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TasteBorderLayout");
        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");

        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setSize(300,300);
        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        
    }
}
``![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/6feb1e9ecf824d95b7a60ca8716fa31e.png)
`

- 表格布局

```java
import java.awt.*;

public class TestGritLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestGritLayout");
        Button but1 = new Button("but1");
        Button but2 = new Button("but2");
        Button but3 = new Button("but3");
        Button but4 = new Button("but4");
        Button but5 = new Button("but5");
        Button but6 = new Button("but6");
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));//表格布局3行2列
        frame.add(but1);
        frame.add(but2);
        frame.add(but3);
        frame.add(but4);
        frame.add(but5);
        frame.add(but6);

        frame.pack();//自动布局
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("测试Layout");

        Panel panel1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());//创建面板,面板传入布局方式
        Panel panel2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));//创建面板
        Panel panel3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());//创建面板
        Panel panel4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));//创建面板

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));//表格布局2行1列
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setSize(500,500);;
        frame.setLocation(500,500);;

        panel1.add(new Button("panel1-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel1.add(new Button("panel1_2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel1.add(panel2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        panel2.add(new Button("panel2-1"));
        panel2.add(new Button("panel2-2"));

        panel3.add(new Button("panel3-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel3.add(new Button("panel3_2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel3.add(panel4,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            panel4.add(new Button("panel4-"+i));
        }

        frame.add(panel1);
        frame.add(panel3);

        //监听窗口事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {//监听关闭按钮
                System.exit(0);//退出进程
            }
        });
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

总结

Frame是一个顶级窗口
Panel无法单独显示;必须添加到某个容器里
布局管理器
1. 流式
2. 东西南北中
3. 表格
大小,定位,背景颜色,可见性,监听

2.4、事件监听

当某一个事情发生的时候干什么

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class ButtonAction {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("按钮事件监听");
        Button button = new Button("button");

        button.addActionListener(new MyAction());//添加事件监听

        frame.setSize(500,500);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);//把按钮放在窗口中心
        windowClose(frame);//关闭窗口事件

    }
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){//提出窗口关闭事件,做成方法方便调用
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                super.windowClosed(e);
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
class MyAction implements ActionListener{//继承按钮监听接口

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("按钮按下");
    }
}

多个按钮共享一个事件

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class ButtonsAction {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("多个按钮共用一个按钮事件");
        Button button1 = new Button("open");
        Button button2 = new Button("close");
        //设置触发事件时e.getActionCommand()获取到的值
        //可以显示的定义命令触发会显示的值,如果不定义则显示默认值
        //button1.setActionCommand("按钮1");

        //多个按钮只写一个监听类
        MyActions myAction = new MyActions();

        button1.addActionListener(myAction);//设置按钮监听
        button2.addActionListener(myAction);

        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setSize(500,500);
        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.WEST);

        windowClose(frame);

    }
    public static void windowClose(Frame frame){//提出关闭窗口事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
class MyActions implements ActionListener{
    private Frame frame;
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println(e.getActionCommand());
        if(e.getActionCommand().equals("open")){//当按下open按键时打开新窗口
            if(frame==null){
                System.out.println("打开新窗口");
                frame=new Frame("新打开的窗口");
                frame.setBackground(Color.blue);
                frame.setSize(300,300);
                frame.setVisible(true);
            }

        } else if (e.getActionCommand().equals("close")) {//当按下close按键时关闭新窗口
            if (frame!=null){
                System.out.println("关闭新窗口");
                ButtonsAction.windowClose(frame);
                frame=null;
            }
        }
    }
}

2.5、输入框 TextField 监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TextFieldAction {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyTextField();
    }
}
class MyTextField extends Frame{
    public MyTextField(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        setSize(500,500);
        setVisible(true);
        add(textField);
        MyActionListening myActionListening = new MyActionListening();
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListening);
        textField.setEchoChar('+');//设置替换字符,比如输入密码时的'*'
        //pack();
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

}
class MyActionListening implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField text = (TextField) e.getSource();
        System.out.println(text.getText());
       // text.setText("");
    }
}

2.6、简易计算器,组合+内部类回顾复习

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalculator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator();
    }
}
class Calculator extends Frame{
    public Calculator(){
        //创建3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);
        //创建1 个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new CalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
        //创建1和标签
        Label label = new Label("+");
        
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());//流式布局
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
class CalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //获取3个属性
    public CalculatorListener(TextField num1, TextField num2, TextField num3) {
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
        this.num3 = num3;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

完全改造为面向对象

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalculator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator();
    }
}
class Calculator extends Frame{
    TextField num1 = new TextField(10);
    TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
    TextField num3 = new TextField(20);
    public Calculator(){
        //创建3个文本框

        //创建1 个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new CalculatorListener(this));
        //创建1和标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());//流式布局
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
class CalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //组合,获取计算器对象
    private Calculator calculator;
    public CalculatorListener(Calculator calculator) {
        this.calculator = calculator;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");
    }
}

简化为内部类

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalculator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().calculate();
    }
}
class Calculator extends Frame{
    //创建3个文本框
    TextField num1 = new TextField(10);
    TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
    TextField num3 = new TextField(20);
    public void calculate(){
        //创建1 个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new CalculatorListener());
        //创建1和标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());//流式布局
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
    class CalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
        //组合,获取计算器对象
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

2.7、画笔

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaintbrush {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TextDrawing().Window();
    }
}
class TextDrawing extends Frame{
    public void Window(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,500,500);

    }
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {//重写画笔方法
        super.paint(g);

        g.setColor(Color.blue);//设置颜色
        g.draw3DRect(100,300,100,100,false);//画一个空心矩形
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            g.fill3DRect(100,100,100,100,false);//画一个实体矩形
            g.setColor(new Color(i*10086));//画一个闪闪的矩形
            try {
                Thread.sleep(50);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
      	//用完画笔把他还原成原来的颜色:黑色0x0000
        g.setColor(Color.black);//设置颜色
    }
}

2.8、鼠标监听

目标:实现鼠标画画

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class MouseListening {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyMouseListening();
    }
}
class MyMouseListening extends Frame {
    private ArrayList points;
    public MyMouseListening(){
        points=new ArrayList<>();//创建表对象

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        addMouseListener(new Mouse());//添加鼠标监听事件
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {//画笔
        g.setColor(Color.blue);//设置画笔颜色:蓝色
        Iterator iterator = (Iterator) points.iterator();//创建列表迭代器
        while (iterator.hasNext()){//判断是否还有下一个
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();//指针指向下一个,并返回当前数据
            g.fillOval(point.x, point.y,10,10);//画个圆点
        }

    }
    public void addPaint(Point point){//中间商
        points.add(point);
    }
   private class Mouse extends MouseAdapter{//鼠标监听,继承鼠标适配器
       @Override
       public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {//单击事件
           super.mouseClicked(e);
           System.out.println("单击");
           MyMouseListening frame = (MyMouseListening)e.getSource();
           frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));//添加鼠标的坐标
           frame.repaint();//重画页面
       }

       @Override
       public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {//按压事件
           super.mousePressed(e);
           System.out.println("按压");
       }

       @Override
       public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {//鼠标释放事件
           super.mouseReleased(e);
           System.out.println("释放");
       }

       @Override
       public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {//鼠标进入页面事件
           super.mouseEntered(e);
           System.out.println("进入");
       }

       @Override
       public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {//鼠标离开页面事件
           super.mouseExited(e);
           System.out.println("退出");
       }
   }

}

2.9、窗口监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class WindowListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame();
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        setBackground(Color.blue);
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {//添加窗口监听事件
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                super.windowClosing(e);

                System.out.println("已关闭");
                System.exit(0);
            }

            @Override
            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                super.windowActivated(e);
                MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
                frame.setTitle("我回来了");
                System.out.println("已激活");
            }

            @Override
            public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {
                super.windowDeactivated(e);
                MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
                frame.setTitle("我走了");
                System.out.println("非激活");
            }
        });
    }
}

2.10、键盘监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class KeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame {
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(100,200,500,500);
        setVisible(true);
        addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {//添加键盘监听
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {//键盘按下事件
                super.keyPressed(e);
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                System.out.println(keyCode);
                if(keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    //按下上键
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

所有键值都是KeyEvent 类里的属性常量
在这里插入图片描述

3、Swing

3.1、窗口,面板 JFrame

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestJFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyJFrame().init();
    }
}
class MyJFrame extends JFrame{
    public void init(){
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();//要创建一个容器设置页面颜色
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.YELLOW);

        setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        setVisible(true);

        JLabel label = new JLabel("这是一个标签");
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);//设置标签居中
        add(label);

        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);//关闭窗口
    }
}

3.2、弹窗

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestDialog {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyJFrame1().init();
    }
}
class MyJFrame1 extends JFrame {
    public void init(){

        setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        setTitle("主窗口测试弹窗");
        setVisible(true);
        Container container = getContentPane();

        JButton jButton = new JButton("按下打开弹窗");
        jButton.setSize(400,200);
        jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {//按钮动作监听
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                new MyDialog();
            }
        });
        container.add(jButton);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);//关闭窗口,如果不写点叉号默认隐藏窗口
    }
}
class MyDialog extends JDialog{//弹窗
    public MyDialog() {
        this.add(new JLabel("这是一个弹窗标签")) ;
        setBounds(100,100,400,400);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

3.3、标签

图标

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class IconLabel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DiagramLabel(15,20);
    }
}
class DiagramLabel extends JFrame implements Icon{

    private int width;//图标的宽
    private int height;//图标的高

    public DiagramLabel(){}//无参构造
    public DiagramLabel(int width,int height){//有参构造
        this.width= width;
        this.height=height;

        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("DiagramLabel",this,SwingConstants.CENTER);//创建一个标签,显示图标,显示在窗口中间

        setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        setVisible(true);

        add(jLabel);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);//关闭窗口监听
    }
    //实现Icon接口
    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return height;
    }
}

图片

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.*;

//显示图片标签
public class PictureLabel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //PictureLabel.class.getResource("icon.png"):获取这个类目录下的文件,返回一个URL地址
        new TestLabel(PictureLabel.class.getResource("icon.png")).init();
    }
}
class TestLabel extends JFrame{
    private URL url;

    public TestLabel(){}
    public TestLabel(URL url){
        this.url=url;
    }
    public void init(){
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("PictureLabel");//实例化一个标签
        ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(url);//实例化图片
        jLabel.setIcon(icon);//将图片设置到标签上
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingUtilities.CENTER);//显示在窗口的中间

        Container container = getContentPane();//获取容器
        container.add(jLabel);//将标签添加到容器

        setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

3.4、面板

面板间距

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//测试面板间距
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
    public JPanelDemo() {
        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2,10,10));//后面的参数是面板之间的间距

        JPanel jPanel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 2));
        JPanel jPanel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
        JPanel jPanel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 2));
        JPanel jPanel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 2));

        jPanel1.add(new JButton("1-1"));
        jPanel1.add(new JButton("1-2"));
        jPanel2.add(new JButton("2-1"));
        jPanel2.add(new JButton("2-2"));
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            jPanel3.add(new JButton("3-"+i));
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
            jPanel4.add(new JButton("4-"+i));
        }

        container.add(jPanel1);
        container.add(jPanel2);
        container.add(jPanel3);
        container.add(jPanel4);

        setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}

滚动条

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//测试窗口滚动条
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = getContentPane();
        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(10, 50);//10行50列的文本域
        textArea.setText("这是测试的文本域");

        //scroll面板
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);

        container.add(jScrollPane);

        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

3.5、按钮

图片按钮

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//图片按钮
public class IconJButton extends JFrame {
    public IconJButton() throws HeadlessException {
        Container container = getContentPane();

        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(IconJButton.class.getResource("icon.png"));//创建一个图标

        JButton button = new JButton("按钮");
        button.setIcon(icon);//设置图标
        button.setToolTipText("这是一个图片按钮");//鼠标悬浮提示

        container.add(button);

        setSize(500,500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconJButton();
    }
}

单选按钮

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//测试单选按钮
public class RadioButton extends JFrame {
    public RadioButton() throws HeadlessException {
        Container container = getContentPane();
        //单选按钮
        JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("radioButton1");
        JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("radioButton2");
        JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("radioButton3");
        //由于是单选框,就需要将按钮分组,一个组只能选择一个,如果不分组就所有按钮都可以选择
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton1);
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton2);
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton3);

        //添加按钮到容器中
        container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        setSize(500,500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new RadioButton();
    }
}

复选按钮

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//测试多选框
public class Checkbox extends JFrame {
    public Checkbox() throws HeadlessException {
        Container container = getContentPane();
        //多选框按钮
        JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("checkBox1");
        JCheckBox checkBox2 = new JCheckBox("checkBox2");
        JCheckBox checkBox3 = new JCheckBox("checkBox3");

        //添加按钮到容器中
        container.add(checkBox1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(checkBox2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(checkBox3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        setSize(500,500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Checkbox();
    }
}

3.6、列表

下拉框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class ComboBox extends JFrame {
    public ComboBox() throws HeadlessException {
        Container container = getContentPane();

        JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox();
        comboBox.addItem(null);
        comboBox.addItem("正在热映");
        comboBox.addItem("已下架");
        comboBox.addItem("正在制作");
        
        container.add(comboBox);

        setSize(500,500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ComboBox();
    }
}

列表框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;

public class ListBox extends JFrame {
    public ListBox() throws HeadlessException {
        Container container = getContentPane();

        String[] strings = {"1","2","3"};
        Vector vector = new Vector();
        vector.add("张三");
        vector.add("王五");
        vector.add("李四");

        JList jList1 = new JList(strings);//创建列表框
        JList jList2 = new JList(vector);//创建列表框

        container.add(jList1,BorderLayout.WEST);
        container.add(jList2,BorderLayout.EAST);

        setSize(500,500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ListBox();
    }
}

应用场景
- 下拉框:选择地区,或者一些单个选项
- 列表框:展示信息,一般动态扩容

3.7、文本框

文本框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TextBox extends JFrame {
    public TextBox(){
        Container container = getContentPane();

        JTextField textField = new JTextField("文本框1",10);
        JTextField textField1 = new JTextField("文本框2",20);

        container.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        container.add(textField);
        container.add(textField1);

        setSize(500,500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TextBox();
    }
}

密码框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class PasswordBox extends JFrame {
    public PasswordBox(){
        Container container = getContentPane();
        
        JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField("密码框",20);

        container.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        container.add(passwordField);

        setSize(500,500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new PasswordBox();
    }
}

文本域

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TextArea extends JFrame {
    public TextArea(){
        Container container = getContentPane();

        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,10);
        JTextArea textArea1 = new JTextArea(20,10);
        textArea.setText("文本域1");
        textArea1.setText("文本域2");
        container.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        container.add(textArea);
        container.add(textArea1);

        setSize(500,500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TextArea();
    }
}

贪吃蛇

帧,如果时间片足够小,就是动画,一秒30帧,连起来就是动画,拆开就是静态的图片

StartGame.java文件
实现主窗口的类,游戏窗口可以改变大小,游戏界面也会自适应大小
升级版的狂神的贪吃蛇

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ComponentAdapter;
import java.awt.event.ComponentEvent;

public class StartGame {
    public StartGame() {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("贪吃蛇Plus");
        GamePanel gamePanel = new GamePanel();
        frame.add(gamePanel);//添加面板
        //new Dialog();
        frame.addComponentListener(new ComponentAdapter() {//监听窗口大小改变事件
            @Override
            public void componentResized(ComponentEvent e) {
                super.componentResized(e);
                JFrame component = (JFrame) e.getComponent();
                System.out.println("窗口位置改变");
                gamePanel.setHeight(component.getSize().height);//动态调整游戏窗口
                gamePanel.setWidth(component.getSize().width);
            }
        });

        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setLocation(500,100);
        frame.setSize(920,850);//窗口会缩水高缩50,宽缩20
        //frame.setResizable(false);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new StartGame();
    }
}

GamePanel.java文件
游戏画笔和功能类

package src.GuiProject.SnakePlus;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.util.Random;

//画笔
public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener {

    private int height=800;//窗口大小
    private int width=900;
    private int fontSize;//显示字体大小
    protected int[] bodyX = new int[500];//身体坐标
    protected int[] bodyY = new int[500];
    private int foodX;//食物坐标
    private int foodY;
    private int length;//蛇的长度
    private int score;//积分
    private int speed;//游戏速度
    private String direction;//蛇头朝向
    private Boolean start;//开始标志
    private Boolean defeated;//失败标志
    private Boolean triumph;//获胜标志
    protected Timer timer = new Timer(100,this);//定时器
    protected Random random = new Random();//随机数
    protected Material material = new Material();//素材
    public GamePanel(){
        init();
        this.setFocusable(true);//获得焦点事件
        this.addKeyListener(this);//添加键盘监听事件
    }
    public void init(){
        bodyX[0]=100;bodyY[0]=50;//身体坐标
        bodyX[1]=75;bodyY[1]=50;
        bodyX[2]=50;bodyY[2]=50;
        length=3;               //长度
        foodX=25*random.nextInt((width/25)-1);//食物坐标
        foodY=25*random.nextInt((height/25)-1);
        direction="R";//蛇头朝向右
        start=false;//游戏不开始
        defeated=false;//游戏不失败
        triumph=false;//游戏不获胜
        score=0;//积分
        fontSize=40;//设置字体大小
        speed=200;//游戏速度
        timer.setDelay(speed);//设置定时器
        timer.start();//开启定时器
    }

    @Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        material.g=g;
        //设置画布颜色和大小
        g.setColor(Color.pink);
        g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);

        painting();//画蛇的身体
        //画获得积分和蛇的长度
        material.writeString("长度:"+length,Math.max(width-100,0),fontSize,fontSize/2,Color.white);
        material.writeString("积分:"+score,Math.max(width-100,0),fontSize*2,fontSize/2,Color.white);
        material.writeString("食物坐标:"+foodX+","+foodY,Math.max(width-200,0),fontSize*3,fontSize/2,Color.white);
        material.writeString("小蛇坐标:"+bodyX[0]+","+bodyY[0],Math.max(width-200,0),fontSize*4,fontSize/2,Color.white);
        //画提示语
        if (!start){
            material.writeString("按下空格开始游戏",(width-fontSize*8)/2,(height-fontSize)/2,fontSize,Color.white);
        }else if (defeated) {
            material.writeString("游戏失败,按下空格重新开始",(width-fontSize*12)/2,(height-fontSize)/2,fontSize,Color.red);
        }
        else if(triumph){
            material.writeString("恭喜你达到了最大长度!",(width-fontSize*10)/2,(height-fontSize)/2-20,fontSize,Color.RED);
            material.writeString("长度:"+length+"  积分:"+score,(width-fontSize*8)/2,(height-fontSize)/2+20,fontSize,Color.RED);
        }
    }
    /******************画蛇的身体******************************************/
    private void painting(){
        material.food(foodX,foodY);
        material.DrawSnake(bodyX[0],bodyY[0],direction);//画蛇头
        for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
            material.body(bodyX[i],bodyY[i]);
        }

    }
    /******************监听事件******************************************/
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //--------------------判断吃食物------刷新食物的位置----------------------
        if(bodyX[0]==foodX&&bodyY[0]==foodY){
            foodX=25*random.nextInt((width/25)-1);//食物坐标
            foodY=25*random.nextInt((height/25)-1);
            length++;
            score+=10;//加积分
            //--------------重新设置定时器时间--------------------
            if(score%100==0) {//吃10个食物加快一次速度
                speed-=5;
                timer.setDelay(speed);//设置定时器
            }
            ///----------长度到达最大值获得胜利-------------
            if(length>=(width*height/25)-1){
                triumph=true;
            }
        }
        //--------------判断失败--------------------------
        for (int i = 1; i <length ; i++) {
            if(bodyX[0]==bodyX[i]&&bodyY[0]==bodyY[i]){
                defeated=true;
                break;
            }
        }
        //------------------刷新身体的位置-----------------------
        if(start&&!defeated&&!triumph){
            for (int i = length-1; i > 0; i--) {
                bodyX[i]=bodyX[i-1];
                bodyY[i]=bodyY[i-1];
            }
            switch (direction){
                case "R":bodyX[0]+=25;if(bodyX[0]>(width-25))bodyX[0]=0;   break;
                case "L":bodyX[0]-=25;if(bodyX[0]<0)bodyX[0]=width-25;   break;
                case "D":bodyY[0]+=25;if(bodyY[0]>height-25)bodyY[0]=0;  break;
                case "U":bodyY[0]-=25;if(bodyY[0]<0)bodyY[0]=height-25;   break;
            }
            if(bodyX[0]%25!=0)bodyX[0]+=25-(bodyX[0]%25);//修正位置
            if(bodyY[0]%25!=0)bodyY[0]+=25-(bodyY[0]%25);
        }
        repaint();//重画画面
        timer.start();
    }
    /****************************键盘监听******************************************/
    @Override
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
        if((!start||defeated||triumph)&&keyCode!=KeyEvent.VK_SPACE)keyCode=0;//避免游戏停止时误触
        switch (keyCode){
            case KeyEvent.VK_SPACE://空格
                if(defeated){
                    defeated=false;
                    init();
                    start=true;
                }else start=!start;
                break;
            case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT:
                if(!direction.equals("L"))direction="R";
                break;
            case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:
                if(!direction.equals("R"))direction="L";
                break;
            case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN:
                if(!direction.equals("U"))direction="D";
                break;
            case KeyEvent.VK_UP:
                if(!direction.equals("D"))direction="U";
                break;
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {

    }
    @Override
    public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {

    }

    public void setHeight(int height) {
        this.height = height-50;
        if(this.height<foodY+25){//改变窗口导致食物在窗口外,就刷新食物位置
            foodY=25*random.nextInt((width/25)-1);//食物坐标
            repaint();//重画画面
        }
    }
    public void setWidth(int width) {
        this.width = width-20;
        if(this.width<foodX+25){//改变窗口导致食物在窗口外,就刷新食物位置
            foodX=25*random.nextInt((width/25)-1);//食物坐标
            repaint();//重画画面
        }
    }
}

Material.java文件
游戏的资源类,所有东西都是画出来的,没有外部资源

package src.GuiProject.SnakePlus;

import java.awt.*;

public class Material {
    Graphics g;

    private int[][] rightLocation = new int[][]{
        {0,0,12,25},
        {0,0,25,25},
        {10,15,10,10},
        {10,0,10,10},
        {12,17,5,5},
        {12,2,5,5}
    };
    private int[][] leftLocation = new int[][]{
            {13,0,12,25},
            {0,0,25,25},
            {4,15,10,10},
            {4,0,10,10},
            {6,17,5,5},
            {6,2,5,5}
    };
    private int[][] upLocation = new int[][]{
            {0,13,25,12},
            {0,0,25,25},
            {14,3,10,10},
            {1,3,10,10},
            {16,5,5,5},
            {3,5,5,5}
    };
    private int[][] downLocation = new int[][]{
            {0,0,25,12},
            {0,0,25,25},
            {14,10,10,10},
            {1,10,10,10},
            {16,12,5,5},
            {3,12,5,5}
    };
    private Color[] color = new Color[]{Color.red,Color.white,Color.black};

    private void painting(int x,int y,int[][] paint){
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
            if (i % 2 == 0) g.setColor(color[i / 2]);
            if (i==0)g.fillRect(paint[i][0]+x, paint[i][1]+y, paint[i][2], paint[i][3]);
            else g.fillOval(paint[i][0]+x, paint[i][1]+y, paint[i][2], paint[i][3]);
        }
    }
    public void left(int x,int y){
        painting(x,y,leftLocation);
    }

    public void right(int x,int y){
        painting(x,y,rightLocation);
    }

    public void up(int x,int y){
        painting(x,y,upLocation);
    }

    public void down(int x,int y){
        painting(x,y,downLocation);
    }
    public void body(int x,int y){
        g.setColor(Color.green);
        g.fillRect(x, y, 23, 23);
    }
    public void food(int x,int y){
        g.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
        g.fillOval(x, y, 25, 25);
    }
    public void DrawSnake(int x,int y,String direction){//画带方向的蛇头
        switch (direction){
            case "R": painting(x,y,rightLocation);  break;
            case "L": painting(x,y,leftLocation);  break;
            case "D": painting(x,y,downLocation); break;
            case "U": painting(x,y,upLocation);  break;
        }
    }

    public void writeString(String text,int x,int y,int size,Color color){
        if (x<0)x=0;
        if (y<0)y=0;
        g.setColor(color);
        g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,size));
        g.drawString(text,x,y);
    }
}