一、外观模式介绍
装饰者模式定义
1)外观模式(Facade),也叫“过程模式”:外观模式为子系统中的一组接口提供一个一致的界面,此模式定义了一个高层接口,这个接口使得这一子系统更加容易使用;
2)外观模式通过定义一个一致的接口,用以屏蔽内部子系统的细节,使得调用端只需跟这个接口发生调用,而无需关心这个子系统的内部细节。
外观模式注意事项
- 外观模式对外屏蔽了子系统的细节,因此外观模式降低了客户端对子系统使用的复杂性;
- 外观模式对客户端与子系统的耦合关系,让子系统内部的模块更易维护和扩展;
- 通过合理的使用外观模式,可以帮我们更好的划分访问的层次;
- 当系统需要进行分层设计时,可能这个系统已经变得非常难以维护和扩展,此时可以考虑为新系统开发一个Facade类,来提供遗留系统的比较清晰简单的接口,让新系统与/facade类交互,提高复用性;
- 不能过多的或者不合理的使用外观模式,使用外观模式好,还是直接调用模块好,要以让系统有层次,利于维护为目的。
二、应用
1.外观模式应用实例
组建一个家庭影院:DVD播放器、投影仪、自动屏幕、环绕立体声、爆米花机,要求完成使用家庭影院的功能,其过程为:直接用遥控器统筹各设备开关,开爆米花机;放下屏幕;开投影仪;开音响;开DVD;调暗灯光;播放;观影结束后,关闭各种设备。
2. 类图
######外观模式类图的说明:
1)外观类(Facade):为调用端提供统一的调用接口,外观类知道哪些子系统负责处理请求,从而将调用端的请求代理给适当子系统对象;
2)调用者(Client):外观接口的调用者;
3)子系统的集合:子模块或者子系统,处理Facade对象指派的任务,它是功能的提供者。
3. 代码
1)子系统类
//DVD播放器
public class DVDPlayer {
//使用单例模式,饿汉模式
private static DVDPlayer instance = new DVDPlayer();
public static DVDPlayer getInstance(){
return instance;
}
public void on(){
System.out.println(" dvd on ");
}
public void off(){
System.out.println(" dvd off ");
}
public void play(){
System.out.println(" dvd is playing ");
}
public void pause(){
System.out.println(" dvd is pausing ");
}
}
//爆米花机
public class Popcorn {
private static Popcorn instance = new Popcorn();
public static Popcorn getInstance(){
return instance;
}
public void on(){
System.out.println(" Popcorn on ");
}
public void off(){
System.out.println(" Popcorn off ");
}
public void pop(){
System.out.println(" popcorn is poping ");
}
}
//投影仪
public class Projector {
private static Projector instance = new Projector();
public static Projector getInstance(){
return instance;
}
public void on(){
System.out.println(" Projector on ");
}
public void off(){
System.out.println(" Projector off ");
}
public void focus(){
System.out.println(" Projector is focus ");
}
}
//屏幕
public class Screen {
private static Screen instance = new Screen();
public static Screen getInstance(){
return instance;
}
public void up(){
System.out.println(" Screen up ");
}
public void down(){
System.out.println(" Screen down ");
}
}
//立体声
public class Stereo {
private static Stereo instance = new Stereo();
public static Stereo getInstance(){
return instance;
}
public void on(){
System.out.println(" Stereo on ");
}
public void off(){
System.out.println(" Stereo off ");
}
public void up(){
System.out.println(" Stereo up ");
}
}
//影院灯光
public class TheaterLight {
private static TheaterLight instance = new TheaterLight();
public static TheaterLight getInstance(){
return instance;
}
public void on(){
System.out.println(" TheaterLight on ");
}
public void off(){
System.out.println(" TheaterLight off ");
}
public void dim(){
System.out.println(" TheaterLight dim ");
}
public void bright(){
System.out.println(" TheaterLight bright ");
}
}
2)外观类
//外观类
public class HomeTheaterFacade {
//定义各个子系统对象
private TheaterLight theaterLight;
private Popcorn popcorn;
private Stereo stereo;
private Projector projector;
private Screen screen;
private DVDPlayer dvdPlayer;
public HomeTheaterFacade() {
this.theaterLight = TheaterLight.getInstance();
this.popcorn = Popcorn.getInstance();
this.stereo = Stereo.getInstance();
this.projector = Projector.getInstance();
this.screen = Screen.getInstance();
this.dvdPlayer = DVDPlayer.getInstance();
}
public void ready(){
popcorn.on();
popcorn.pop();
screen.down();
projector.on();
stereo.on();
dvdPlayer.on();
theaterLight.dim();
}
public void play(){
dvdPlayer.play();
}
public void pause(){
dvdPlayer.pause();
}
public void end(){
popcorn.off();
theaterLight.bright();
screen.up();
projector.off();
stereo.off();
dvdPlayer.off();
}
}
3)调用者
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HomeTheaterFacade homeTheaterFacade = new HomeTheaterFacade();
homeTheaterFacade.ready();
homeTheaterFacade.play();
homeTheaterFacade.end();
}
}