HttpClient的简单使用

于 2023-07-15 23:19:54 发布
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分类专栏： java 计算机网络 文章标签： java http
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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_42627388/article/details/131745151
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一、背景

项目中包含了服务层和执行层。服务层负责对外提供接口，执行层负责任务的调度。上述的两层抽出了两个model，即下面的图。目的是执行层使用java封装的httpClient包完成服务层的接口调用。
在这里插入图片描述

二、HttpClient的简单实用

2.1导入pom依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents.client5</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient5</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.3</version>
</dependency>

2.2HttpClient的简单实用之get请求

服务层接口

package com.wzt.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

/**
 * @author jason
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
public class TaskController {
    @GetMapping("/test")
    public String getTest() {
        return "Get请求成功";
    }
}

执行层函数

  /**
     * 使用get方式对服务器发送请求
     */
    public static void getTest() throws IOException, ParseException {
        String testTasUrl = "http://localhost:8081/task/test";
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //发送http请求
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet(testTasUrl);
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
        //获取响应数据
        System.out.println("【获取响应数据】" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
        Header[] headers = response.getHeaders();
        for (Header header : headers) {
            System.out.println("\t|-【头信息】name:" + header.getName() + "、value:" + header.getValue());

        }
        System.out.println("【状态码为】" + response.getCode());
    }

运行结果
在这里插入图片描述

2.3HttpClient的简单实用之get带参数请求

服务层接口

    @GetMapping("/testParm")
    public String getParmTest(@RequestParam String msg){
        return "msg:"+msg;
    }

执行层函数

 /**
     * 带参数的get请求
     * @throws URISyntaxException
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws ParseException
     */
    public static void getParmTest() throws URISyntaxException, IOException, ParseException {
        //1.创建客户端
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //2.创建一个封装的URI的对象，在对象中可以给定制定的参数
        URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder("http://localhost:8081/task/testParm?");
        builder.addParameter("msg", "你好");
        //3.创建get请求
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet(builder.build());
        //4.获取响应
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
        //5.获取响应数据
        System.out.println("【响应数据为】" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf-8"));
    }

运行结果
在这里插入图片描述

2.4HttpClient的简单实用之post请求

服务层接口


    @PostMapping("/test")
    public String postTest() {
        return "Post请求成功";
    }

执行层函数

 /**
     * 使用post完成请求
     */
    public static void postTest() throws IOException, ParseException {
        //1.创建一个客户端
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //2.创建post请求
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8081/task/test");
        //3.获取响应
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
        //4.获取响应数据
        System.out.println("【获取响应数据】:" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
        //5.获取响应的状态
        System.out.println("【状态码为】" + response.getCode());
    }

运行结果
在这里插入图片描述

2.5HttpClient的简单实用之post带参数请求

服务层接口

    @PostMapping("/testParm")
    public String postParmTest(@RequestParam String msg){
        return "post->msg:"+msg;
    }

执行层接口

 /**
     * 使用带参数请求的post请求
     */
    public static void postParmTest() throws IOException, ParseException {
        //1.创建客户端
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //2.创建带参数的请求
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8081/task/testParm?");
        //3.对请求的参数完成集合的配置
        List<NameValuePair> allParams = new ArrayList<>();//通过集合保存传递的参数
        allParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("msg", "你好"));
        //4.如果发送的post请求，需要对请求的参数进行编码配置
        UrlEncodedFormEntity urlEncodedFormEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(allParams, Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
        //5.将请求的参数配置到Post请求中
        post.setEntity(urlEncodedFormEntity);
        //6.发送Http post请求
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
        //7.获取响应的数据
        System.out.println("【响应数据为】:" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
        //8.获取响应的代码
        System.out.println("状态码为:" + response.getCode());
    }

运行结果
在这里插入图片描述

三、整体代码

服务层接口代码

package com.wzt.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

/**
 * @author jason
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/task")
public class TaskController {
    @GetMapping("/test")
    public String getTest() {
        return "Get请求成功";
    }

    @GetMapping("/testParm")
    public String getParmTest(@RequestParam String msg) {
        return "msg:" + msg;
    }

    @PostMapping("/test")
    public String postTest() {
        return "Post请求成功";
    }
    @PostMapping("/testParm")
    public String postParmTest(@RequestParam String msg){
        return "post->msg:"+msg;
    }

}

执行层函数代码

package com.jason;

import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.Header;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.hc.core5.net.URIBuilder;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 使用httpclient调用当前服务端的接口
 */
public class TestHttpClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ParseException, URISyntaxException {
        postParmTest();
    }

    /**
     * 使用带参数请求的post请求
     */
    public static void postParmTest() throws IOException, ParseException {
        //1.创建客户端
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //2.创建带参数的请求
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8081/task/testParm?");
        //3.对请求的参数完成集合的配置
        List<NameValuePair> allParams = new ArrayList<>();//通过集合保存传递的参数
        allParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("msg", "你好"));
        //4.如果发送的post请求，需要对请求的参数进行编码配置
        UrlEncodedFormEntity urlEncodedFormEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(allParams, Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
        //5.将请求的参数配置到Post请求中
        post.setEntity(urlEncodedFormEntity);
        //6.发送Http post请求
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
        //7.获取响应的数据
        System.out.println("【响应数据为】:" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
        //8.获取响应的代码
        System.out.println("状态码为:" + response.getCode());
    }

    /**
     * 使用post完成请求
     */
    public static void postTest() throws IOException, ParseException {
        //1.创建一个客户端
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //2.创建post请求
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8081/task/test");
        //3.获取响应体
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
        //4.解析响应题
        System.out.println("【获取响应数据】:" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
        //5.获取响应的状态
        System.out.println("【状态码为】" + response.getCode());
    }

    /**
     * 使用get方式对服务器发送请求
     */
    public static void getTest() throws IOException, ParseException {
        String testTasUrl = "http://localhost:8081/task/test";
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //发送http请求
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet(testTasUrl);
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
        //获取响应数据
        System.out.println("【获取响应数据】" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
        Header[] headers = response.getHeaders();
        for (Header header : headers) {
            System.out.println("\t|-【头信息】name:" + header.getName() + "、value:" + header.getValue());

        }
        System.out.println("【状态码为】" + response.getCode());
    }

    /**
     * 带参数的get请求
     * @throws URISyntaxException
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws ParseException
     */
    public static void getParmTest() throws URISyntaxException, IOException, ParseException {
        //1.创建客户端
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //2.创建一个封装的URI的对象，在对象中可以给定制定的参数
        URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder("http://localhost:8081/task/testParm?");
        builder.addParameter("msg", "你好");
        //3.创建get请求
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet(builder.build());
        //4.获取响应
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
        //5.获取响应数据
        System.out.println("【响应数据为】" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf-8"));
    }
}
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