1.何时需要切换窗口呢?
(1) 标签内部存在iframe,普通的方式无法直接定位到iframe内部的标签元素。需要切换;
(2) 一个浏览器对象,存在多个标签选项卡。需要切换。
(3). selenium中driver.switch_to.window()方法和driver.switch_to.frame()方法的区别是什么?
driver.switch_to.window(): 切换窗口,一般是指多个标签选项卡之间的切换,每一个选项卡都是一个window窗口;
driver.switch_to.frame(): 切换html内部框架,一般是在html嵌套的有<iframe>标签时会使用。
2.iframe标签举例(QQ邮箱登录)
- from selenium import webdriver
- from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
- import time
- driver = webdriver.Firefox()
- driver.get('https://mail.qq.com/')
- #driver.switch_to.frame()切换到iframe标签
- driver.switch_to.frame(driver.find_element_by_id('login_frame'))
- driver.find_element_by_id('switcher_plogin').click()
- username = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(lambda driver: driver.find_element_by_id('u'))
- username.clear()
- username.send_keys('QQ号')
- password = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(lambda driver: driver.find_element_by_id('p'))
- password.clear()
- password.send_keys('密码')
- driver.find_element_by_id('login_button').click()
- time.sleep(3)
- driver.close()
3.切换窗口举例(百度新闻)
- import time
- from selenium import webdriver
- # 注意:出现无法定位此元素时,可能是要切换窗口,也可能是它更新较快,标签或属性已经发生了变化
- driver = webdriver.Firefox()
- driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
- driver.find_element_by_link_text('新闻').click()
- # driver.current_window_handle()获取当前窗口操作句柄
- # driver.title获取当前窗口标签选项卡名称
- current_window = driver.current_window_handle
- print(current_window, driver.title)
- driver.find_element_by_css_selector('strong a').click()
- current_window = driver.current_window_handle
- print(current_window,driver.title)
- # 获取所有窗口操作句柄
- windows = driver.window_handles
- print(windows, driver.title)
- for win in windows:
- if current_window != win:
- # 切换窗口
- driver.switch_to.window(win)
- current_window = driver.current_window_handle
- print(current_window, driver.title)
- time.sleep(6)
- title =driver.find_element_by_css_selector('.header .title').text
- print(title)
- driver.close()