《Python内置模块015：calendar用于处理日期和日历的模块》

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calendar：用于处理日期和日历的模块。

calendar模块提供了一系列函数和类用于处理日历相关的操作。以下是该模块中一些常用的函数和方法：

一、常用方法

（一）函数

calendar.calendar(year, w=2, l=1, c=6, m=3): 返回一个多行字符串格式的年历。

calendar.month(year, month, w=2, l=1): 返回一个多行字符串格式的月历。

calendar.isleap(year): 判断某年是否为闰年。

calendar.leapdays(y1, y2): 返回在y1和y2之间的闰年数量（不包含y2）。

calendar.monthrange(year, month): 返回一个元组，第一个元素是该月的第一天是星期几（0-6），第二个元素是该月有多少天。

calendar.monthcalendar(year, month): 返回一个整型矩阵，表示一个月的日历。

calendar.weekday(year, month, day): 返回给定日期是星期几（0-6）。

calendar.weekheader(n): 返回一个宽度为n的周几名称头。

（二）类

calendar.Calendar(firstweekday=0): 创建一个以firstweekday为一周开始的Calendar对象，默认是星期一。

calendar.TextCalendar(firstweekday=0): 生成文本格式的日历。

calendar.HTMLCalendar(firstweekday=0): 生成HTML格式的日历。

calendar.LocaleTextCalendar(firstweekday=0, locale=None): 生成本地化文本格式的日历。

calendar.LocaleHTMLCalendar(firstweekday=0, locale=None): 生成本地化HTML格式的日历。

（三）方法（以TextCalendar为例）

formatyear(theyear, w=2, l=1, c=6, m=3): 返回指定年份的文本格式年历。

formatmonth(theyear, themonth, w=2, l=1): 返回指定月份的文本格式月历。

iterweekdays(): 返回一周中每一天的序号，从firstweekday开始。

itermonthdates(year, month): 返回一个迭代器，生成指定月份的每一天的日期对象。

itermonthdays(year, month): 返回一个迭代器，生成指定月份的每一天的日期数字。

一、使用案例（函数)

import calendar

# calendar.calendar(year, w=2, l=1, c=6, m=3)
year_calendar = calendar.calendar(2023, w=2, l=1, c=6, m=3)
print("Year 2023 Calendar:\n", year_calendar)

# calendar.month(year, month, w=2, l=1)
october_calendar = calendar.month(2023, 10, w=2, l=1)
print("October 2023 Calendar:\n", october_calendar)

# calendar.isleap(year)
is_leap = calendar.isleap(2024)
print("Is 2024 a leap year?", is_leap)

# calendar.leapdays(y1, y2)
leap_years = calendar.leapdays(2000, 2023)
print("Leap years between 2000 and 2023:", leap_years)

# calendar.monthrange(year, month)
first_day, num_days = calendar.monthrange(2023, 10)
print("October 2023 starts on day:", first_day, "and has", num_days, "days")

# calendar.monthcalendar(year, month)
month_cal_matrix = calendar.monthcalendar(2023, 10)
print("October 2023 month calendar matrix:\n", month_cal_matrix)

# calendar.weekday(year, month, day)
weekday = calendar.weekday(2023, 10, 1)
print("October 1, 2023 is a weekday:", weekday)

# calendar.weekheader(n)
week_header = calendar.weekheader(3)
print("Week header with width 3:", week_header)

输出结果

Year 2023 Calendar:
                                   2023

      January                   February                   March
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su      Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su      Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
                   1             1  2  3  4  5             1  2  3  4  5
 2  3  4  5  6  7  8       6  7  8  9 10 11 12       6  7  8  9 10 11 12
 9 10 11 12 13 14 15      13 14 15 16 17 18 19      13 14 15 16 17 18 19
16 17 18 19 20 21 22      20 21 22 23 24 25 26      20 21 22 23 24 25 26
23 24 25 26 27 28 29      27 28                     27 28 29 30 31
30 31
。。。。。。。（内容太多了删了些）



October 2023 Calendar:
     October 2023
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
                   1
 2  3  4  5  6  7  8
 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31

Is 2024 a leap year? True
Leap years between 2000 and 2023: 6
October 2023 starts on day: 6 and has 31 days
October 2023 month calendar matrix:
 [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1], [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15], [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22], [23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29], [30, 31, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
October 1, 2023 is a weekday: 6
Week header with width 3: Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

三、使用案例（类)

import calendar

# 创建一个Calendar对象，以星期天为一周的开始
cal = calendar.Calendar(firstweekday=6)
print("Days in October 2023 using Calendar:")
for day in cal.itermonthdates(2023, 10):
    print(day, end=' ')
print("\n")

# 使用TextCalendar生成文本格式的月历
text_cal = calendar.TextCalendar(firstweekday=6)
formatted_month = text_cal.formatmonth(2023, 10)
print("Text Calendar for October 2023:\n", formatted_month)

# 使用HTMLCalendar生成HTML格式的月历
html_cal = calendar.HTMLCalendar(firstweekday=6)
formatted_html_month = html_cal.formatmonth(2023, 10)
print("HTML Calendar for October 2023:\n", formatted_html_month)

# 使用LocaleTextCalendar生成本地化文本格式的月历
locale_text_cal = calendar.LocaleTextCalendar(firstweekday=6, locale='en_US')
formatted_locale_month = locale_text_cal.formatmonth(2023, 10)
print("Locale Text Calendar for October 2023:\n", formatted_locale_month)

输出结果

Days in October 2023 using Calendar:
2023-10-01 2023-10-02 2023-10-03 2023-10-04 2023-10-05 2023-10-06 2023-10-07 2023-10-08 2023-10-09 2023-10-10 2023-10-11 2023-10-12 2023-10-13 2023-10-14 2023-10-15 2023-10-16 2023-10-17 2023-10-18 2023-10-19 2023-10-20 2023-10-21 2023-10-22 2023-10-23 2023-10-24 2023-10-25 2023-10-26 2023-10-27 2023-10-28 2023-10-29 2023-10-30 2023-10-31 2023-11-01 2023-11-02 2023-11-03 2023-11-04 

Text Calendar for October 2023:
     October 2023
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
 1  2  3  4  5  6  7
 8  9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31

HTML Calendar for October 2023:
 <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="month">
<tr><th colspan="7" class="month">October 2023</th></tr>
<tr><th class="sun">Sun</th><th class="mon">Mon</th><th class="tue">Tue</th><th class="wed">Wed</th><th class="thu">Thu</th><th class="fri">Fri</th><th class="sat">Sat</th></tr>
<tr><td class="sun">1</td><td class="mon">2</td><td class="tue">3</td><td class="wed">4</td><td class="thu">5</td><td class="fri">6</td><td class="sat">7</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sun">8</td><td class="mon">9</td><td class="tue">10</td><td class="wed">11</td><td class="thu">12</td><td class="fri">13</td><td class="sat">14</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sun">15</td><td class="mon">16</td><td class="tue">17</td><td class="wed">18</td><td class="thu">19</td><td class="fri">20</td><td class="sat">21</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sun">22</td><td class="mon">23</td><td class="tue">24</td><td class="wed">25</td><td class="thu">26</td><td class="fri">27</td><td class="sat">28</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sun">29</td><td class="mon">30</td><td class="tue">31</td><td class="noday">&nbsp;</td><td class="noday">&nbsp;</td><td class="noday">&nbsp;</td><td class="noday">&nbsp;</td></tr>
</table>

四、使用案例（以TextCalendar为例)

import calendar

# 使用 TextCalendar 创建一个以星期天为一周开始的日历
text_cal = calendar.TextCalendar(firstweekday=6)

# formatyear(theyear, w=2, l=1, c=6, m=3)
formatted_year = text_cal.formatyear(2023, w=2, l=1, c=6, m=3)
print("Formatted Year Calendar for 2023:\n", formatted_year)

# formatmonth(theyear, themonth, w=2, l=1)
formatted_month = text_cal.formatmonth(2023, 10, w=2, l=1)
print("Formatted Month Calendar for October 2023:\n", formatted_month)

# iterweekdays(): 返回一周中每一天的序号，从firstweekday开始
weekdays = list(text_cal.iterweekdays())
print("Weekdays starting from Sunday:", weekdays)

# itermonthdates(year, month): 返回一个迭代器，生成指定月份的每一天的日期对象
month_dates = list(text_cal.itermonthdates(2023, 10))
print("Dates in October 2023:")
print(month_dates)

# itermonthdays(year, month): 返回一个迭代器，生成指定月份的每一天的日期数字
month_days = list(text_cal.itermonthdays(2023, 10))
print("Day numbers in October 2023:")
print(month_days)

输出结果

这些示例展示了如何使用calendar.TextCalendar类的方法来生成和格式化日历信息：

formatyear：生成指定年份的文本格式年历。

formatmonth：生成指定月份的文本格式月历。

iterweekdays：返回一周中每一天的序号，从指定的firstweekday开始。

itermonthdates：生成指定月份的每一天的日期对象。

itermonthdays：生成指定月份的每一天的日期数字。

Formatted Year Calendar for 2023:
                                   2023

      January                   February                   March
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
 1  2  3  4  5  6  7                1  2  3  4                1  2  3  4
 8  9 10 11 12 13 14       5  6  7  8  9 10 11       5  6  7  8  9 10 11
15 16 17 18 19 20 21      12 13 14 15 16 17 18      12 13 14 15 16 17 18
22 23 24 25 26 27 28      19 20 21 22 23 24 25      19 20 21 22 23 24 25
29 30 31                  26 27 28                  26 27 28 29 30 31

。。。。。。。。。（内容太多这里删了）
                        
Formatted Month Calendar for October 2023:
     October 2023
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
 1  2  3  4  5  6  7
 8  9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31

Weekdays starting from Sunday: [6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Dates in October 2023:
[datetime.date(2023, 10, 1), datetime.date(2023, 10, 2), datetime.date(2023, 10, 3), datetime.date(2023, 10, 4), datetime.date(2023, 10, 5), datetime.date(2023, 10, 6), datetime.date(2023, 10, 7), datetime.date(2023, 10, 8), datetime.date(2023, 10, 9), datetime.date(2023, 10, 10), datetime.date(2023, 10, 11), datetime.date(2023, 10, 12), datetime.date(2023, 10, 13), datetime.date(2023, 10, 14), datetime.date(2023, 10, 15), datetime.date(2023, 10, 16), datetime.date(2023, 10, 17), datetime.date(2023, 10, 18), datetime.date(2023, 10, 19), datetime.date(2023, 10, 20), datetime.date(2023, 10, 21), datetime.date(2023, 10, 22), datetime.date(2023, 10, 23), datetime.date(2023, 10, 24), datetime.date(2023, 10, 25), datetime.date(2023, 10, 26), datetime.date(2023, 10, 27), datetime.date(2023, 10, 28), datetime.date(2023, 10, 29), datetime.date(2023, 10, 30), datetime.date(2023, 10, 31), datetime.date(2023, 11, 1), datetime.date(2023, 11, 2), datetime.date(2023, 11, 3), datetime.date(2023, 11, 4)]
Day numbers in October 2023:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 0, 0, 0, 0]