单例模式有5种实现方式:饿汉、懒汉、双重校验锁、静态内部类和枚举
饿汉式(线程安全)
饿汉1:
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();
private Singleton() { }
public static Singleton getInstance() {
return instance;
}
}
饿汉2:
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton instance = null;
static {
instance = new Singleton();
}
private Singleton() { }
public static Singleton getInstance() {
return this.instance;
}
}
优点:类加载的时候创建实例,避免了多线程同步问题。
缺点:资源浪费,无论实例是否被用到,都会被创建。
懒汉式(非线程安全)
懒汉1:(非线程安全)
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton instance = null;
private Singleton() { }
public static Singleton getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Singleton();
}
return instance;
}
}
优点:按需创建
缺点:没有考虑线程安全问题,多个线程并发调用getInstance,可能会创建多个实例。
懒汉2:(线程安全)
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton instance = null;
private Singleton() { }
public static Synchronized Singleton getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Singleton();
}
return instance;
}
优点:按需创建,线程安全
缺点:性能问题,添加了synchronized的函数比一般方法慢得多,若多次调用getInstance,则累积的性能损耗较大。
双重校验锁(线程安全)
public class Singleton {
private static volatile Singleton instance = null;
private Singleton() { }
public static Singleton getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
synchronized(Singleton.class) {
if (instance == null){
instance = new Singleton();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
静态内部类(线程安全)
public class StaticSingleton {
private StaticSingleton() {}
private static class SingletonHolder {
private static StaticSingleton INSTANCE = new StaticSingleton();
}
public static getInstance() {
return SingletonHolder.INSTANCE;
}
}
枚举(线程安全)
public enum Singleton {
INSTANCE;
public void getSingleton(){}
}