基于Linux系统离线安装oracle数据库

注意事项：
在安装的时候多次涉及root用户和oracle用户的切换，请注意区分，本文已明显

一、环境准备

1、关闭防火墙

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

2、 禁用NetworkManager服务（非必须）

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop NetworkManager
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable NetworkManager

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/network-online.target.wants/NetworkManager-wait-online.service.

3、禁用SELINUX

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "/^SELINUX=/s#enforcing#disabled#" /etc/selinux/config

4、配置HOSTS解析

[root@localhost ~]# cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF
> 192.168.8.220 host_db
> EOF

5、修改主机名称

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname host_db

6、创建组和用户

创建dba和onstall两个用户组

[root@host-db ~]# groupadd dba
[root@host-db ~]# groupadd oper
[root@host-db~]# groupadd oinstall

创建oracle用户

[root@host-db ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

配置oracle用户密码

[root@host-db ~]# echo "oracle"|passwd --stdin oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

7、创建安装目录并赋权

创建目录

[root@host-db /]# mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/oraInventory
[root@host-db /]# mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1 

赋权

[root@host-db /]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
[root@host-db /]# chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle

8、配置用户环境变量(在oracle用户下)

[oracle@host-db ~]$su - oracle
[oracle@host-db ~]$ vi .bash_profile

export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME= host_db
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

source ~/.bash_profile
echo $ORACLE_HOME

9、配置系统环境变量

#在 /etc/profile.d目录下创建存放oracle的环境，名字可以随意，但是必须以sh结尾

[root@host-db /]# vi /etc/profile.d/env_oracle.sh 

if [ \$USER = "oracle" ]; then  
    if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi

10、修改系统内核参数

[root@host-db /]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.sem = 513065280510256
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmmax = 549755813888
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 900065500

11、配置LIMITS限制参数

[root@host-db sys]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

 oracle          soft    nproc           16384
 oracle          hard    nproc           16384
 oracle          soft    nofile          65536
 oracle          hard    nofile          65536
 oracle          soft    memlock         3145728
 oracle          hard    memlock         3145728

二、安装Oracle 19C 软件

基本都在oracle用户下操作，个别需要在root用户下执行，已明确标出，请注意查看

0、离线安装所需依赖（在root用户下）

[root@host-db opt]# unzip base.zip

[root@host-db opt]# cd base
[root@host-db base]# rpm -Uvh *.rpm --nodeps --force

0.0、检查依赖是否都存在

[root@host_db 19cc]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 

如果检查完发现还缺少依赖，可以自行下载，一般情况下所给的依赖已经很全了。
rpm依赖下载地址：rpm依赖

2.1、解压数据库软件(roacle用户下)

# root用户下
[root@host-db ~]$ mv /opt/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME
# 切换oracle用户下
[root@host-db home]# su - oracle
[oracle@host-db ~]$ unzip -q LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME

2.2、开始安装数据库软件(需要在oracle用户下)

2.2.1、编写相应文件db_install.rsp

[oracle@host-db response]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/install/response/db_install.rsp

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY 
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall 
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/app/oracle/oraInventory
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl 
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet= ZHS16GBK
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle

2.2.2/运行安装命令

[oracle@host-db ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@host-db ~]$ ./runInstaller -silent -skipPrereqs -responseFile ./install/response/db_install.rsp

根据提示，使用root账号执行以上两个脚本

[root@host_db 19cc]# /opt/oracle/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@host_db 19cc]# /opt/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

2.3、创建监听

[oracle@host-db db_1]$ netca -silent -responseFile /opt/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

2.3.1、查看监听状态

lsnrctl status

2.4、创建数据库

2.4.1、编写相应文件

[oracle@host-db db_1]$ vim /opt/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp

gdbName=orcl
sid=orcl
databaseConfigType=SI
createAsContainerDatabase=false
templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
sysPassword=oracle
systemPassword=oracle

2.4.2、运行安装命

[oracle@host-db db_1]$dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /opt/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp

2.4.3、测试是否可用

[oracle@host_db admin]$sqlplus / nolog
SQL>conn sys/oracle as sysdba