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The Contortion Brothers are a famous set of circus clowns, known worldwide for their incredible ability to cram an unlimited number of themselves into even the smallest vehicle. During the off-season,...

Yixght is a manager of the company called SzqNetwork(SN). Now she’s very worried because she has just received a bad news which denotes that DxtNetwork(DN), the SN’s business rival, intents to attack ...

To avoid unsightly burns while tanning, each of the C (1 ≤ C ≤ 2500) cows must cover her hide with sunscreen when they’re at the beach. Cow i has a minimum and maximum SPF rating (1 ≤ minSPFi ≤ 1,000;...

In an edge-weighted tree, the xor-length of a path p is defined as the xor sum of the weights of edges on p:{xor}length(p)=\oplus{e \in p}w(e) ⊕ is the xor operator.We say a path the xor-longest ...

Given m sequences, each contains n non-negative integer. Now we may select one number from each sequence to form a sequence with m integers. It’s clear that we may get n ^ m this kind of sequences. Th...

A lattice point (x, y) in the first quadrant (x and y are integers greater than or equal to 0), other than the origin, is visible from the origin if the line from (0, 0) to (x, y) does not pass throug...

Sudoku is a very simple task. A square table with 9 rows and 9 columns is divided to 9 smaller squares 3x3 as shown on the Figure. In some of the cells are written decimal digits from 1 to 9. The othe...

Chinese people think of ‘8’ as the lucky digit. Bob also likes digit ‘8’. Moreover, Bob has his own lucky number L. Now he wants to construct his luckiest number which is the minimum among all positiv...

N (2 <= N <= 8,000) cows have unique brands in the range 1..N. In a spectacular display of poor judgment, they visited the neighborhood ‘watering hole’ and drank a few too many beers before dinn...

George took sticks of the same length and cut them randomly until all parts became at most 50 units long. Now he wants to return sticks to the original state, but he forgot how many sticks he had orig...

Farmer John wants to set up a telephone line at his farm. Unfortunately, the phone company is uncooperative, so he needs to pay for some of the cables required to connect his farm to the phone system....

Elina is reading a book written by Rujia Liu, which introduces a strange way to express non-negative integers. The way is described as following: Choose k different positive integers a1, a2, …, ak. F...

Now and then you play the following game with your friend. Your friend writes down a sequence consisting of zeroes and ones. You choose a continuous subsequence (for example the subsequence from the t...

Give a tree with n vertices,each edge has a length(positive integer less than 1001). Define dist(u,v)=The min distance between node u and v. Give an integer k,for every pair (u,v) of vertices is ca...

There is a travel agency in Adelton town on Zanzibar island. It has decided to offer its clients, besides many other attractions, sightseeing the town. To earn as much as possible from this attraction...

David the Great has just become the king of a desert country. To win the respect of his people, he decided to build channels all over his country to bring water to every village. Villages which are co...

After successive failures in the battles against the Union, the Empire retreated to its last stronghold. Depending on its powerful defense system, the Empire repelled the six waves of Union's attack. ...